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JO I 

OUTLINE OF 



AMERICAN HISTORY 



Reprinted from "A History Syllabus 

for Secondary Schools " by a Special 

Committee of the New England 

History Teachers' Association 



HERBERT DARLING FOSTER, Chairman 
WALTER HOWARD CUSHING ELIZABETH KIMBALL KENDALL 
SIDNEY BRADSHAW FAY EVERETT KIMBALL 

CHARLES HOMER HASKINS BERNADOTTE PERRIN 

ERNEST FLAGG HENDERSON EDWIN AUGUSTUS START 
EDITH MARION WALKER 



BOSTON, U.S.A. 
D. C. HEATH & CO., PUBLISHERS 



Copyright, 1901 and 1904, by Walter H. Cushing 



x 



is 



PART IV 
AMERICAN HISTORY 



2 9° 



American History 



£fc 



GENERAL SURVEY OF THE FIELD 
AMERICAN HISTORY, 1492-1904 



£fc 





I. 


f 1. 


Land and resources. 


2 




Discovery 


2. 


Discovery of America. 


2 


7 


and Exploration 


3- 


Exploration and early settlement 






before 1607. 


1 
4- 


before Jamestown, 1492-1607. 
Virginia, 1 607-1 760, a typical 


3 




II. 




Southern colony. 


3 




Southern 


5- 


Maryland, a typical proprietary 




5 


Colonies, 




colony. 


1 




1607 -1 760. 


6. 


Carol inas and Georgia, the 










Southern frontier colonies. 


1 






' 7- 


Beginnings of colonization of 
New England. 


2 




III. 

New England, 
1620- 1 760. 


8. 


Early Massachusetts, a typical 




10 


9- 


New England colony, 1629- 
1650. 
New England, 1 636 - 1 760, typical 


2 








development of American In- 










stitutions. 


6 




IV. 

Middle Colonies, < 


' 10. 


Dutch and English in New York. 


2 




1 1. 


Pennsylvania, "A Quaker Experi- 




5 


1 609-1760 




ment in Government " ; New 








Jersey and Delaware. 


3 



n,u*. 






1 .£- 



General Survey of the Field 291 






GENERAL SURVEY OF THE FIELD — Continued 
AMERICAN HISTORY, 1492-1904 








I 


12. 


Political and economic develop- 






V. 

Colonies 




ment, 1 700-1 750. 


1 




13- 


Struggle between France and 
England for North America, 




6 


in the 
Eighteenth 
Century, to 1760. 


14. 


1 689- 1 763. 
The colonies in 1760; political, 
social, and economic condi- 
tions ; comparisons 


2 
3 




VI. j 


I 5- 


Causes of the Revolution, 1760- 






Union and 








7 


Independence, 
1760-1783. 
VII. 


16. 


1774- 
The Revolution, 1 775-1783. 


3 
4 




Critical Period, ■ 


17- 


Confederation and Constitution. 


7 


7 


1783-1789. 










VIII. 
Federalist 


18. 


Organization of the government. 


2 




19. 


Foreign relations, 1793- 1800. 


2 


6 


Supremacy, 
1 789-1 801. 


20. 


Fall of the Federalists. 


2 




IX. 


21. 


Domestic policy of the Republi- 






Jeffersonian 
Republicans, 




cans. 


1 


5 


22. 


Expansion. 


1 




1801-1817. 


I23. 


Struggle for neutral rights. 


3 






24. 


Economic reorganization. 


2 






25. 


Westward migration and internal 
improvements. 


2 




X. 


26. 


Slavery and the Missouri Com- 






Reorganization, 




promise. 


2 


10 


1817-1829. 


27. 
28. 


Monroe Doctrine and Panama 

Congress. 
Political reorganization and 


1 




1 


triumph of Jackson. 


3 



292 



American History 



£.3 



GENERAL SURVEY OF THE FIELD — Continued 
AMERICAN HISTORY, 1492-1904 



2J5 





XL 


29. 


Nullification in South Carolina. 


2 




National 


3°- 


Overthrow of the United States 




6 


Democracy, 




Bank ; financial questions. 


2 




1 829- 1 844. 


.31. 


Antislavery agitation, 1 831 -1838. 


2 




XII. 


r 


Annexation of Texas, and the 






Slavery in the 


Mexican War. 


2 


9 


Territories, 


33- 


Struggle over slavery in the ter- 






1 844- 1 860. 


I 


ritories. 


7 


8 


XIII. 

Secession and 
Civil War, 
1 860-1 865. 

XIV. 


[34. 

f36- 
37- 


Secession of the Southern 1 

States. 1 

The Civil War, 1861-1865.J 

Reconstruction, the New South, 

and the race problem. 
Political problems : civil service, 

foreign relations, municipal 


8 
3 




Problems of 




government. 


2 


9 


Peace, 


38. 


Economic problems : currency, 




1 865-1904. 




tariff, trusts, labor, transporta- 










tion. 


3 






39- 


Summary and Review of Ameri- 






T ■ = 




can History. 


1 

■3 



Outline of American History 293 



OUTLINE OF AMERICAN HISTORY 

Discovery and Explorations before 1607. 
i. The Land and its Resources. 

a. Physical features. 

b. Effect of this environment. 

c. Availability of land of United States for building a 

nation. 
References : 

v Brief Accounts : Fisher, Colonial Era, 1-4. 
"T* Thwaites, Colonies, 2-7. 
T» Doyle, English Colonies in America, I (" Virginia," 

etc.), 5-8. 
-f Channing, U.S.A., 1765-1865, 5-8. 

Longer Accounts : Channing, Students 1 History of the 
United States, 1-18. Farrand, Basis of Amer. History. 
Bryce, American Commonwealth, abridged edition, 
Ch. 58. Brigham, Geographic Influences in American 
History. 
Jl. Article by Shaler in Winsor, America, IV, i-xxx. 
Whitney, article " The United States, 11 in Encyclopaedia 
Britannica, 9th edition; also Whitney, United States. 
Semple, Am. Hist, and its Geographic Conditions. 
Maps : 

In text-books, e.g. : Channing, Students 1 History. 
Johnston, High School History. McLaughlin, History 
of the American Nation. Fisher, Colonial Era. Thwaites, 
Colonies (also same map in Hart, Epoch Maps). Frye, 
Geography, relief maps, 32, 34, 35. U. S. Geological 
Survey map. 
Map Work: 

Indicate on outline map the most important physical 
features. 
Remark : 

At the beginning of this course the pupil is cautioned 
that he is not expected to read all the references given. 



294 American History 

They are given to afford some choice, so that a pupil 
may use the reference or references that are most 
interesting and useful ; also in order that on any special 
topic he may find as much as possible, if he desires to 
look it up, or has it especially assigned to him. 
2. Discovery of America. 

How and why it came then. Results and their impor- 
tance. 
'4— a. Why the Norse discoveries were in no sense a true dis- 
covery of America. Fiske, Discovery of America, I, 
253-260. 
&* European conditions at close of 15th century leading to 
"•T" discovery. Fiske, Discovery of America, I, Ch. iii, 
especially pp. 272-294. 

c. Columbus : his early career and how it trained him for 

discovery ; ideas, attempts. Pick out facts from 
Irving. Columbus.; or Fiske, Discovery of America, 
or Higginson. 

d. The discovery. Hart, Contemporaries, I, Nos. 17 and 

19, interesting extracts from Columbus's own ac- 
counts ; Old South Leaflets, No. 29, from the life 
of Columbus by his son. 

e. Columbus's character and place in history. Compare 

accounts in Fiske, Discovery, and Winsor, Columbus ; 
or use Irving, Columbus. 
f. Conclusion : the importance of the discovery ; its effect 
on commerce, colonies, wars, diplomacy, industrial 
.. life. Interesting suggestions in Seeley, Expansion 
of England, Chs. v, vi. 
Additional Topic : 

The naming of America. Winsor, America. Fiske, 
Discovery of America. Bourne, Spain in America, Ch. vii. 
References : 

Brief Accounts: Fisher, Colonial Era, Ch. iii. 
Higginson, Larger History, Ch. iii. 
y* Longer Accounts : Fiske, Discovery of America(brilliant 
and interesting ; read especially in Chs. iii and v of Vol. I). 



Outline of American History 295 

Cheyney, European Background of Amer. Hist., i-v. 

Higginson, Explorers. Thacher, Columbus. 

Irving, Columbus. Markham, Columbus. 

Bryant and Gay, Popular History, I, 92-100. 

Winsor in his America, II, 1-23; and his Columbus 
(very critical). Bourne, Spain in America, Chs. i-iv, vii. 

Stimulating picture in Lowell's poem, Columbus. 

Sources: Interesting material in Hart, Contempora- 
ries, I, Nos. 17 and 19. 

American History Leaflets, No. 1. 

Old South Leaflets, Nos. 29 and 33. 
Special Map Work: 

On an outline map, trace Columbus's first voyage, 
indicating dates when points were reached. 
Explorations and Early Settlements, before James- 
town, 1 492- 1 607. 

a. Spanish : objects ; regions ; reasons for failure. 

b. French : objects ; regions ; reasons for failure. 

c. English : objects ; regions ; reasons for failure. 
Additional Topics : 

A. Character of Spanish rule. Read Fiske, Discovery 
4* of America, I, 554-567 ; or Thwaites, Colonies, 42-43, 

L. 47-48; or Doyle, English Colonies (''Virginia 11 ), I, 76- 
82. Favorable, Lummis, Spanish Pioneers. 

B. The contest between the Huguenot and Spanish 
\ colonies in Florida. Read the thrilling account in 

Chs. vii-x of Parkman's brilliant Pioneers of France. 
Who eventually reaped the real fruits of the rivalry? 

C. Spanish motives and policy : Columbus's thirst 
for gold, Hart, Contemporaries, I, No. 19. Cortez's 
capture of Montezuma, do., No. 21. Pizarro's conquest 
of Peru (told by his brother), do., No. 22. Coronado's 
march, Hart, Source Book, No. 3 (or longer accounts in 
American History Leaflets, No. 13, or Old South Leaflets, 
No. 20). Roscher, 2-10. 

D. The Elizabethan Seamen ; their character and 
work. Interesting accounts in either Higginson, Larger 



296 American History 



Explorers,' 1 or in Fiske, 
-^. Old Virginia, I, 15-33- The interesting story of 
Drake's voyage around the world, by one of his 
company, is in Hart, Contemporaries, I, No. 30 ; 
briefer, Hart, Source Book, No. 4. 
E. The Spanish Armada, and Spain's loss of sea 
power. Fiske, Old Virginia, I, 33-40, or Green's Short 
History of England, 417-420, or any good account in an 
English History, e.g. Gardiner, 11,458-464, or Creighton, 
Age of Elizabeth, 181-186, or Larned, 322-328. Why is 
this event important in American history? 
General Refe7'ences : 

Brief Accounts : Thwaites, Colonies, Ch. ii. 
Fisher, Colonial Era, Ch. iii. 
• Longer Accounts : Higginson, Larger History, Chs. '.i-v. 
Bryant and Gay, I, Chs. vii-x. 

Bancroft, History, I, Chs. i-v. Tyler, England in 
America. 
*T Doyle, English Colonies in America, I ( u Virginia"), 
Chs. iv-v, 101-104. Bourne, Spain in America, Chs. 
ix-xv. 

Fiske, Discovery of America (Spanish). 
Parkman, Pioneers of France in the New World. 
Fiske, Old Virginia and Her Neighbors, Ch. i (Eng- 
lish), 1-55. Lummis, Spanish Pioneers. 

Winsor, America, II, Chs. iv, v, vii ; III, Chs. ii. iv; 
IV, Ch. ii. Roscher, Spanish Colonial System. 

Sources : Hart, Contemporaries, I, Chs. iii-v ; espe- 
dally Nos. 19, 21, 22, 30, 31, 33, 36. 
Hart, Source Book, Nos. 3, 4. 
American History Leaflets, No. 13. 
Old South Leaflets, Nos. 20, 33, 35. 
Map Work: 

a. (For all.) The regions discovered or explored by 

each nation to be pointed out on map. 

b. (Special.) On outline map of world, represent voy- 

ages of Columbus, Cabots, Vasco da Gama, Magellan, 



Outline of American History 297 

Verrazano, Drake, with dates, and in colors (e.g. 
Spanish, yellow ; English, red ; French, blue). At- 
lases : Gardner, Eng. Hist. Atlas, No. 25, Putzger, 
Droysen, etc. Frye, Geography, Plate X. Bryce, 
Comprehensive Atlas, No. 76. See also text-books 

c . On outline map of United States, show in colors (as 

above) the explorations or settlements of Spanish 
(De Leon, Cortes, Pizarro, De Vaca, Coronado, De 
Soto, and at St. Augustine) ; French (Cartier, 
Huguenot colonies, Acadia) ; English (Raleigh col- 
onies). Atlases as above. 

d. Map of world showing Spanish possessions after seiz- 

ure of Portugal (1580), Coman and Kendall, Eng- 
lish History, 258. 
II. Southern Colonies, 1607-1760. 

4. Virginia, a Typical Southern Colony. 

a. New motives and methods of colonization in 17th cen- 
tury ; very brief in Thwaites, Colonies, 65-66, or 
Fisher, Colonial Era, 31-32. Fuller and more sug- 
gestive accounts in McLaughlin, American Nation, 
33-36, or Doyle, English Colonies, I ("Virginia"), 
101-104, 108-109. Osgood, American Colonies, I. 
i. Reasons for early failures in Virginia, 1607-1619. 

Sources : Hart, Contemporaries, I, No. 61 (character 
colonists). Smith's " Rude Answer, 11 quoted in Fiske, 
Old Virginia, I, 125-128 (Smith's works, ed. Arber, 
442-445). Smith's "True Relation, 11 American His- 
tory Leaflets, No. 27 (especially 4-60). 
Brief Account : Fisher, Colonies, 32-42. 
Longer Accounts : Eggleston, Beginners of a Nation, 
in Ch. i-iii (especially 27 and following, 59 and follow- 
ing, 74-84 — a charming book). Fiske's interesting Old 
Virginia and Her Neighbors, I, iii-v (especially 120- 
128, 142, 146, 149-160, 166, etc.). Doyle, Colonies, I, 
109-156. Tyler, England in America, Ch. iv. 
c. Reasons for greater success, 1619-1624. under leader- 
ship of Sandys and Southampton, and party opposed 



298 American History 



to absolutism. Good account in Eggleston, Begin 
ners of a Nation, Ch. ii (especially 53-59, 86-89). 
Fiske, Old Virginia, I, 184-190; II, 243-246. Doyle, 
English Colonies, I ("Virginia 11 ), 156-162, 167. 
Winsor, America, III, 142-145. Gay, Bryant's Popu- 
lar History, I, 305-307. Tyler, Ch. v. Osgood. 
Sources : Hart, Contemporaries, Vol. I, No. 65 (As- 
sembly, 1 619). MacDonald, Charters, No. 6 (Ordi- 
nance of 1 621) ; same in Preston, Documents, 32. 
Labor question : early troubles ; indented white ser- 
vants and negro slaves. Eggleston, Beginners, in 
Chs. ii-iii. Fiske, Old Virginia, II, 176-203. 

Sources : Hart, Contemporaries, in Nos. 70, 86, 87 
(especially 239-240, 301, 303-304). Source Book, No. 
35. (For most detailed information, consult Bruce, 
Economic History of Virginia in 17th Century, in Chs. 
iv and ix, or use index.) 

Development of representative government and spirit 
of independence, after annulling of charter, 1624. 

(1) Self-government during Puritan supremacy in 
England. 

Sources: Hart, Contemporaries, No. 69 (articles 
agreed on). Read also Doyle, English Colonies, I 
("Virginia 11 ), 223. 

(2) Bacons Rebellion, causes, changes proposed, 
results. Fiske, Old Virginia, II, 95-107 (shows sig- 
nificance). Full account in Doyle, Colonies, I 
("Virginia 11 ), ix (especially 247-253). 

Source: Hart, Contemporaries, I, No. 71 (hostile 
to Bacon). 

(3) Quarrels between assemblies and governors ; 
the subjects, the significance. Thwaites, Colonies, 
75, 271-273. Lodge, Colonies, in Ch. i (e.g. 15, 19-20, 
25-30, etc.). 

Pictures of Virginia : 

(1) In 1624; Fiske, Old Virginia, I, Ch. vii, espe- 
cially 223-231, 246-250. 



Outline of American History 299 

(2) In 1649; Fiske, Old Virginia, II, 1-5; compare 
Hart, Source Book, No. 34. 

(3) In 167 1 ; Governor Berkeley's official report in 
Hart, Contemporaries, I, No. 70. 

g. For all pupils. Government of Virginia, a typical royal 
colony. Fiske, Civil Government, 57-67, 145, 146, 
155 (or equivalent). Fiske, Old Virginia, II, 36-44 
(a reprint, with a few verbal changes, of his Civil 
Government, 60-67). Fuller details can be found in 
Fiske, Old Virginia, I, 185-188, 226-228, 243-250 
(Assembly); 237-243 (relation to crown). Lodge, 
Colonies, 44-50, 58, 59. 
Map Work: 

a. Physical features. 

b. Counties, with dates, illustrating westward movement. 

(Fiske, Virginia, II, frontispiece.) 
Additional Topics : 

A. John Smith as adventurer, governor, and histo- 
rian. Read his "True Relation," American History 
Leaflets, No. 27. On his credibility, Winsor, America, 
III, 161, and note 4; or Charles Dean, Introduction to 
ed. " True Relation " ; or Eggleston, Beginners, 61-63 5 
unfavorable. Fiske, Old Virginia, I, 102-112; or in 
Atlantic Monthly, 1891 ; favorable. 

B. Education, including William and Mary College. 
Governor Berkeley's ideas, Hart, Contemporaries, I, 241. 
Fiske, Old Virginia, I, 231-236 ; II, 1 16-130 (Rules, etc., 
124-127). 

C. Political and economic effects of cultivation of 
tobacco. Fiske, Old Virginia, I, 176, 231, 242, 243 ; II, 
in, 174, 176,210; or consult index to Doyle, Virginia 
(especially see 192, 193), or to Bruce, Economic History 
of Virginia in 17th Century. 

D. "The Coming of the Cavaliers." Fiske, Old 
Virginia, II, x, especially 6-29. 

E. "Westward Growth of Old Virginia/ 1 and settle- 
ment of the Shenandoah Valley. Fiske, Old Virginia, 
II, 383-400, and consult map opposite title page. 



;oo American History 



F. Virginia fife in 18th Century. Lodge, Colonies, 
Ch. ii; or Fiske, Old Virginia, II, xiv. 
Maryland. 

a. (For all.) Government of Maryland, a typical proprie- 
tary colony. Fiske, Civil Government, 150, 151 ; or 
equivalent, e.g. Winsor, America, III, 520-522; or 
Fiske, Old Virginia, I, 269, 270 ; or Lodge, Colonies, 
113, 114. 

The following may be used for additional informa- 
tion or special reports as desired : 

Sources: MacDonald, Charters, No. 13 (Balti- 
more's charter). Accounts of how the provisions of 
charter were carried out, in Fiske, Old Virginia, I, 
281-285, or in Lodge, Colonies, 114-116. 
k. Development of representative government in Maryland. 
Brief Accounts : Fiske, Old Virginia, I, 283-285 ; 
alternate references, Thwaites, Colonies, 83, 84, or 
Fisher, Colonies, 67-68. 

Longer Account : Doyle, "Virginia, 11 285, 286-291. 
(Compare with establishment of representation in 
Virginia.) 
C, Religious toleration in Maryland. 

(1) Provision of charter and desire of Lord Balti- 
more. Read Fisher, Colonies, 64-65 ; or Fiske, Old 
Virginia, 1, 270-272 (or more full and interesting ac- 
count in Eggleston, Beginners, 234-241), and 247-248 
in Hart, Contemporaries, Vol. I. 

(2) The Toleration Act of 1649. Read the act in 
Hart, Contemporaries, I, No. 84, and notice in what 
ways it did not give complete toleration. (See com- 
ments in Doyle, " Virginia, 1 ' 305 ; or Eggleston, 
Beginners, 256-257). Fiske, Old Virginia, I, 309- 
311, quotes pertinent sections and comments on 
them. 

(3) What is said about religion and religious free- 
dom in the Constitution of the United States, and 
in the constitution of your own state? Compare 



Outline of American History 301 

with the provisions of the " Toleration Act v 
of 1649. (Constitution of the United States is 
in many text-books on History or Civil Govern- 
ment; in American History Leaflets, No. 8; Old 
South Leaflets, No. i ; MacDonald Documents, 
No. 5, etc.) 

d. " Some characteristics of Maryland." 

Very brief in Fisher, Colonial Era, 74-75 ; better in 
Fiske, Old Virginia, II, 267-269. Comparison with 
Virginia, Lodge, Colonies, Ch. iv, especially 112, 115, 
117, 125, 131. 

Source : Hart, Contemporaries, I, No. 76, " A 
Character of the Province of Maryland, 1666," enter- 
taining, though overdrawn. 
6. Carolinas and Georgia, the Southern Frontier 

Colonies. 

a. Independent spirit in the Carolinas. Fiske, Old Vir- 

ginia, II, 283, 286-287, 292, 294, 297, 307-308; or 
the less complete account in Fisher, Colonial Era, 
79, 81, 294, 295, 298-299; or Lodge, Colonies, Chs. 
v, vii. 

b. The frontier life of North Carolina. Fiske, Old Vir- 

ginia, etc., II, 270-271, 309-322, 332-333 ; or in Lodge, 
Colonies, Ch. vi. How did North Carolina differ from 
Virginia in its life and the character of its settlers? 

c. Life in South Carolina. Fiske, Old Virginia, II, 308- 

309, 322-333; or in Lodge, Colonies, Ch. viii. How 
did South Carolina differ from Virginia in its life and 
the character of its settlers? how from North Carolina 
in these respects ? 

d. Georgia : its twofold object ; its services ; its character- 

istics. Fiske, Old Virginia, II, 333-336; or Lodge, 
Colonies, in Chs. ix and x, especially pp. 189, 191- 
194, 203-204. 
Additional Topic: 

A. Puritans in the Southern Colonies. Fiske, Old 
Virginia, etc., II, 336-337 i in Virginia, I, 301-302; II, 



302 American History 



17 ; in Maryland, I, 311-318 ; II, 150 ; in South Carolina, 
II, 322-323. 

General References : 

Brief Accounts : Thwaites, Colonies, 89-95 ; or Fisher, 
Colonial Era, Chs. vi, xix, xx. 

Longer Accounts : Fiske, Old Virginia and her Neigh- 
bors, Ch. xv. Lodge, Colonies, Chs. v, vi, vii, viii, ix. 
Bryant and Gay, II, xii, xv ; III, iv, vi. 
III. New England (1620-1760). 

7. Beginnings of Colonization of New England. Char- 
acter and Aims of Puritans, Pilgrims, and Plym- 
outh Colony. 

a. Origin and aims of English Puritans (before 1608) ; 
special ideas of the Separatists. Treatment of the 
Puritans by Elizabeth and James I. How the Sepa- 
ratists around Scrooby became Pilgrims. Why the 
Pilgrims left Holland (selections from Bradford's His- 
tory in American History Leaflets, No. 29, or Hart, 
Contemporaries, I, No. 97). Mayflower Compact. 
Landing and settling at Plymouth. Early govern- 
ment and life. 
References : 

Brief Accounts : Fisher, Colonial Era, 85-99 (clear 
and useful). Thwaites, Colonies, 1 13-124. 

Longer Accounts : Fiske, Beginnings of New England, 
Ch. ii, gives an interesting discussion of the rise of Puri- 
tanism and the significance of the Pilgrim settlement. 
Eggleston, Beginners of a Nation, 98, and following. 
Doyle, Puritan Colonies, I, ii (especially 13-15 and 
27-74) gives a very careful account. William Bradford, 
for twenty-nine years a governor of the colony, gives a 
charming picture of Pilgrim character and acts in his 
History of "Plimouth Plantation.' 1 Interesting extracts 
are given in Hart, Contemporaries, I, Nos. 49 and 97- 
100, and also in American History Leaflets, No. 29. 
An edition of Bradford's History, with facsimiles of 
several pages of his manuscript, a picture of the book, 



Outline of American History 303 

and the story of the return of the manuscript from Eng- 
land to Massachusetts in 1897, was published, and is 
sold by the State of Massachusetts at $1.00. 

[Note. — Alternate references (or additional information if desired) : 
Winsor, America, III, Ch. viii (illustrated) ; Bryant and Gay, I, Chs. xiv, 
xv ; Bancroft, I, 182-214; Bancroft, Part I, Ch. xii. Still further refer- 
ences to special works and "Sources" in Channing and Hart, Guide, 
sections m-112. See also below, General References, end of section 9.] 

8. Early Massachusetts. 

A typical New England colony, 1 624-1 650. Objects 
(religious, political, economic). Character of government 
and life. 

a. Causes and character of the Puritan exodus to Massa- 

chusetts in 1630. Fisher, Colonial Era, 100-102, 
108-110. Fiske, Beginnings of New England, 97- 
101, 140-148. Eggleston, Beginners of a Nation, 
191-205. Winthrop's " Conclusions for the Planta- 
tion in New England 1 ' (Old South Leaflets, No. 50). 
(Read at least one.) 

b. Founding of Massachusetts : charter, how obtained, 

provisions ; Cambridge agreement, transfer ; settle- 
ment of Boston and adjoining towns. Charter in Old 
South Leaflets, No. 7, or MacDonald's Charters, No. 
8. Excellent account in either Fiske, New England, 
93-97, 101-104; or Fisher, Colonial Era, 102-103, 
108-112; or Eggleston, Beginners of a Nation, 
205-212. 

c. Rise of representative government in Massachusetts, 

1 631-1650. Read Hart, Contemporaries, I, No. 107 
(extract from Winthrop). See also Fiske, New 
England, 105-108. Longer in Doyle, Puritan Col- 
onies, I, 103-111, 253-256. 

d. The threefold danger, 1 634-1 636. Fiske, New England, 

111-123 (interesting and suggestive). 

e. Local government in Massachusetts, its origin and 

form, town-meeting, and selectmen. Fiske, Civil 



304 American History 



Government, Ch. ii. Doyle, Puritan Colonies, II, 7- 
17, 25. Channing, Town and County Government, 
in Johns Hopkins University Studies, II, No. 10. 
Mass. Hist. Soc. Proceedings, Second Series, VII 
("Genesis of Mass. Towns"). Records of Boston 
Town Meeting, 1729, Hart, Source Book, No. 52. 
Of Providence, 1 720-1 721, Hart, Contemporaries, II, 
No. 78. (Get and use, if possible, early records of 
your own town.) 
f. Education, morals, and religion in Massachusetts in 
17th century. (May be subdivided into three topics.) 
Doyle, Puritan Colonies, II, 66-97. Thwaites, Col- 
onies, in Ch. viii. A quaint picture of the founding 
and early regulations of Harvard College is in Hart, 
Contemporaries, I, No. 137. Church services, in 
Hart, Source Book, No. 29. 
9. New England, 1 636-1 760. 

Typical development of American institutions. 

Expansion (by Expulsion and Emigration). Written Con- 
stitutions. 

a. Founding of Providence and Rhode Island, 1636-1640. 

Fiske, New England, 1 14-120 (or Fisher, 114-116, 
123-124). Longer, Doyle, Puritan Colonies, I, 113- 
140, 179-190. Roger Williams's account in Hart, 
Contemporaries, I, 115. 

b. Founding of Connecticut. Fiske, New England, 122- 

128. Fisher, Colonial Era, 126-131. Thwaites, Col- 
onies, 140-144. Eggleston, Beginners of a Nation, 
315-326. Describe the provisions of the first popu- 
lar written constitution. " The Fundamental Orders 
of Connecticut, 11 1638- 1639, from the text in Hart, 
Contemporaries, I, No. 120, or in MacDonald, Char- 
ters, No. 14, or Old South Leaflets, No. 8. 

c. Founding of New Haven : aims of founders, difference 

between their government and that of Connecticut, 
the blue laws. Fiske, New England, 134-137 ; or 



Outline of American History 305 

Fisher, Colonial Era, 129-130 ; or Thwaites, Colonies, 
144-146. Longer: Doyle, Puritan Colonies, I, 190- 
200. "True Blue Laws " of 1675 in Hart, Contem- 
poraries, I, No. 144. The Fundamental Articles of 
New Haven may be found in MacDonald, Charters, 
No. 16. 

d. The Northern settlements, later, New Hampshire and 

Maine : reasons for settlements ; character ; relations 
to Massachusetts. Thwaites, Colonies, 150-153, 173- 
174. Longer: Doyle, Puritan Colonies, 1,201-219. 
Hart, Contemporaries, I, Nos. 124, 125, are interest- 
ing but somewhat prejudiced accounts of English 
commissioners and travellers. Extract from Win- 
throp, in Hart, Source Book, No. 21. 

Federation. 

e. The New England Confederation, 1643 : articles, admin- 

istration, services. Read and describe the Articles 
in American History Leaflets, No. 7, or MacDonald, 
Charters, No. 19; also the " Proceedings of the First 
American Federation," in Hart, Contemporaries, I, 
No. 129. A brief suggestive treatment in Fiske, 
New England, 155-162; or read Thwaites, Colonies, 
154-164. Longer: Bancroft, 1,289-310. Frothing- 
ham, Rise of Republic, Ch. ii. Doyle, Puritan Colo- 
nies, I, 220-319. 

Relation with Subject Races, and with Quakers and 
Witches. 

/. New England treatment of the Indian in 17th century : 
land, trade, missionary work, Pequot war. Fiske, 
New England, 199-210 (very briefly in Thwaites, 
Colonies, 136-137, 170-172). Bancroft, I, 382-386. 

g. The effect of the Indian as neighbor and enemy on the 
colonist. Fiske, New England, 226-229, 236-241 
(Philip's war). An excellent brief but comprehen- 



306 American History 



sive account in Doyle, "Virginia," iii, 10-17. Hig- 
ginson, Larger History. 169-178. (Note power and 
limitation of Indian as fighting man.) 

h. Treatment of Quakers by Massachusetts. Fiske, New 
England, 1 79-1 91. Bancroft, I, 312-315. Longer: 
Doyle, Puritan Colonies, II, 98-114. Hallowell, 
Quaker Invasion of Massachusetts. 

i. Witchcraft delusion. Thwaites, Colonies, 190-192; or 
Fisher, Colonial Era, 220-222. Doyle, Puritan Col- 
onies, II, 298-311. Fiske, New France and New 
England, Ch. v. 

Self-Government and Independent Spirit. 

/. Overthrow of the Massachusetts charter. Fiske, New 
England, 253-267. Longer: Doyle, Puritan Colonies, 
I, 190-225. 

k. The tyranny of Andros and the Revolution of 1689. 
Fiske, New England, 267-278. Longer : Doyle, Puri- 
tan Colonies, II, 230-272. 

/. Independent attitude of Massachusetts toward English 
government, 1 630-1 760. Find examples in the text- 
book and in books referred to above (or other stand- 
ard works, see below), e.g. in Winthrop's attitude; 
in actions in 1634, 1636, 1643, 1661, 1664, 1689. 
tn. Provincial New England, 1692-1760: contests with 
royal governors ; paper money ; commerce ; Harvard 
and Yale ; the " Great Awakening ; " literature. 
Fisher, Colonial Era, Chs. xiii, xxi ; or Winsor, in 
America, V, Ch. ii (very valuable) ; or in other stand- 
ard histories (see below) ; or pick out significant 
facts in Lodge, Colonies, 360-368, 392-395, 400-405, 
471. ("Great Awakening," Hart, Source Book, No. 
42 ; Fiske, New France and New England, Ch. vi.) 

Self-Government — Democratic Spirit — Public Schools. 
n. Colonial governments of New England. (For all.) 
Fiske, Civil Government, 146-149, 154-156. Lodge, 
Colonies, 412-418. (Local government, see 8, e.) 



Outline of American History 307 

o. Social and economic conditions in New England in 
1 760 (including education) . Lodge, Colonies, Ch. xxii. 
Additional Topics : 

A. John Winthrop : his character and his statesman- 
ship. Twichell, John Winthrop ; or the standard life 
by Robert C. Winthrop. Read parts of Winthrop's 
History of New England ; or read extracts in Hart, 
Contemporaries, I, No. 107; Old South Leaflets, Nos. 
50, 66; Hart, Source Book, Nos. 21, 28. 

B. The Body of Liberties, 1641, the first New Eng- 
land code of laws, compared with Magna Carta. 
American History Leaflets, No. 25, including compari- 
son with Magna Carta by Winthrop and others. Also 
printed text with facsimile of manuscript, in Whitmore, 
Colonial Laws of Massachusetts Bay, 1660; published 
1889. (Also in his "Bibliographical Sketch," etc., 
1890.) 

C. Why was Roger Williams banished from Massa- 
chusetts ? Eggleston. Beginners of a Nation, 266-306. 
Doyle, Puritan Colonies, II, 11 3- 126. H. M. Dexter, 
As to Roger Williams. Diman, in Narragansett Club 
Publications, II. See account in Winthrop's History 
of New England. Mass. Hist. Soc. Pfoc, 1873. 

Map Work : 

New England in 17th century : Indicate rivers, 
chief towns mentioned in reading, boundaries of colonies, 
location of chief Indian tribes. (To be marked 1650 or 
1700, according to map followed.) 1650 in McLaughlin, 
History of American Nation, 93, and in Doyle, Puritan 
Colonies, I. In Seventeenth Century, Fiske, facing 
title page. In 1700, Thwaites, Colonies, Map 3 (same 
in Hart, Epoch Maps), showing clearly the boundaries 
after charter of 1691. Doyle, Puritan Colonies, II, 
facing title page. 
General References (For New England Colonies) : 

Brief Accounts : Fisher, Colonial Era, Chs. vii, viii, xiii 
Thwaites, Colonies, Chs. vi-viii. 



308 American History- 



Longer Accounts : (Special works on New England, o; 
portions of colonial history). Fiske, Beginnings of 
New England. Eggleston, Beginners of a Nation. 
Doyle (English Colonies in America), Puritan Colonies. 
Lowell, " New England Two Centuries Ago " (in his 
"Among My Books "). Weeden, Economic and Social 
History of New England. Palfrey, History of New 
England. Lodge, Short History of English Colonies in 
America. Winsor, Memorial History of Boston. Chey- 
ney, European Background of American History, Chs. 
viii, xii-xvi. Tyler, England in America, Chs. ix-xix. 
Andrews, Colonial Self-Go vernment, Chs. iii, xvi-xix. 
Fiske, New France and New England. 

General Works : Bancroft, History, Pt. I, Chs. xiii-xv ; 
Pt. II, Chs. ii-vi, xvii-xviii ; Pt. Ill, Ch. iii. Bryant and 
Gay, I, xx-xxi ; II, i-v, viii ; III, v, viii. Frothingham, 
Rise of the Republic, Chs. ii-iii. Hildreth, History of 
the United States. Winsor, America, III, vii-ix ; 
V, ii. Osgood, American Colonies in the 17th Century, I. 

Sources: Hart, Source Book, Nos. 17, 19, 21, 28-31, 
42, 52. Hart, Contemporaries, I, xiv, xvi, xxi ; II, 
iii, etc. American History Leaflets, Nos. 7, 25. Old 
South Leaflets. Winthrop, History of New England. 
Young, Chronicles of Massachusetts. For topics relat- 
ing to the cclonial history of their own state, pupils may 
be interested in reading more fully in the state histories, 
viz. : Massachusetts, by Governor Hutchinson, 3 vols., 
to 1774; or Barry, 3 vols., to 1820. Rhode Island, 
Arnold, 2 vols. ; or Green, Short History. Connecti- 
cut, Johnston (Commonwealth Series). New Hamp- 
shire, Belknap, 3 vols. Maine, Williamson. For 
special investigation of state or local history, there is 
very valuable material in the State Historical Societies 1 
Collections, and in town histories and town records. 
Additional references under special topics may be found 
in Channing and Hart, Guide, Sections 109-130, and in 
Larned, Literature of American History, pp. 76-92. 



Outline of American History 309 

IV. Middle Colonies, 1609-1760. 

10. Dutch and English in New York. 
a. The Dutch. 

(i) Their character and achievements to 1609. 
Brief Accounts : in European or General Histories,^. : 
Fisher, Outlines, 414-41°; Adams, European History, 
334-338 ; Robinson, Introduction to History of Western 
Europe, 446-451- Bancroft, I, 475~48i. Fiske, Dutch 
and Quaker Colonies, I, Ch. ii. Very fully and with dra- 
matic power in Motley, Rise of Dutch Republic ; and His- 
tory of United Netherlands. Blok's History of the People 
of the Netherlands is a work of careful modern scholar- 
ship by an eminent Dutch historian. (See Outline oj 
Europea?i History, pp. 176-177.) 

(2) Dutch discovery and settlement, 1 609-1626. 

(3) Dutch rule in New Netherland : its object, 
methods, faults; relations with English, Indians, 
Swedes; the patroon system; comparison of local 
government with that in Virginia and New England ; 
survivals of the Dutch occupation. 

(4) The influence of the Dutch on American his- 
tory : indirect (on Europe and England) ; direct in 
America, its limited nature ; comparison with influ- 
ence of England. Fiske, Dutch and Quaker Colonies, 
I, Ch. ii, especially 30-34. 

b Conquest of New York by the English : object and im- 
portance. 
c. The English in New York. 

(1) Government and politics: local government 
under Governor Nicoll ; representative government 
under Governor Dongan ; Leisler's rebellion (political 
controversy); Zenger trial (freedom of the press). 
Fiske, II, 248-257. Hart, Contemporaries, II, No. 72. 

(2) Social and economic conditions in New York 
in the 1 8th century. Thwaites, Ch. x (for 1700). 
Fisher, Colonial Era, 252-254. Lodge, Colonies, 
Ch. xvii. Fiske, II, Ch. xv. 

Source : Hart, Contemporaries, II, No. 32. 



310 American History 



Additional Topics : 

A. u Of the Reasons and Causes why and how New 
Netherland is so decayed, 1 ' 1650. Hart, Contemporaries, 
I, No. 154. 

B. Peter Stuyvesant. 

C. Old Dutch customs in New Netherland. 

D. The struggles of the Dutch and the English for a 
representative assembly. 

E. Reasons for greater success of England than of 
Holland as a colonizing nation. 

F. The Iroquois Confederacy. See index to Park- 
man. 

G. New York in the Intercolonial Wars. See refer- 
ences in section 13. 

General References : 

Brief Accounts : Fisher, Colonial Era, Chs. ix and xiv. 
Thwaites, Colonies, 196-207 and Ch. x. 

Longer Accounts : Bryant and Gay, I, 339-369,429-475. 
Lodge, Colonies, Chs. xvi-xvii. Winsor, America, IV, Ch. 
viii; III, Ch. x; V, Ch. iii. Fiske, Dutch and Quaker 
Colonies in America, Chs. i-xi, xiii-xv, xvii. Andrews, 
Colonial Self-Go vernment, Chs. v-vi. Parkman, on re- 
lations with Indians and Canada; consult index, e.g. in 
Pioneers of France, Count Frontenac, Jesuits in North 
America, Old Regime, Half Century of Conflict, Montcalm 
and Wolfe. Palmer, History of Lake Champlain. See 
also histories of New York state by Brodhead, Lossing, 
O'Callaghan, Roberts, Schuyler; of New York city, by 
Lamb, Booth, Stone. For further references, see Chan- 
ning and Hart, Guide, sections 104-105 ; and Larned, 
Literature of American History, pp. 92-100, and index. 

Sources : Hart, Contemporaries, I, Chs. xxii-xxiii ; II, 
Nos. 32, 72. Hart, Source Book, Nos. 16, 22, 32, 45, 
50. 

For the valuable material in the collections of docu- 
ments published by the state of New York, see Channing 
and Hart, Guide, 11 2-1 13, or Larned, Literature, 96. 



Outline of American History 311 

11. Pennsylvania, "A Quaker Experiment in Govern- 
ment." New Jersey and Delaware. 

a. Colonial New Jersey : occupation by the English ; the 

Quaker purchase ; Penn's purchase ; East and West 
Jersey, 1674; New Jersey as a crown colony, 1702; 
character of the people. 

b. The principles of the " Friends," or Quakers : political, 

moral, religious. Best brief reference is Sharpless, A 
Quaker Experiment in Government, Chs. i-ii. Ban- 
croft, I, 528-546. Article " Quakers " in Encyclopaedia 
Britannica. 

c. Life and character of William Penn. Bancroft, I, 556- 

563. Fiske, Dutch and Quaker Colonies, II, 1 14— 
139. Lives of Penn, by Janney or Dixon. Article 
"William Penn/ 1 in Dictionary of National Biog- 
raphy. 

d. The founding of Pennsylvania. 

e. The Quaker Constitution. 

Sources: The Frame of Government, 1682, in Mac- 
Donald, Select Charters, No. 40 ; Charters and Laws of 
Pennsylvania (edition of 1879), 93-99; Poore, Charters 
and Constitutions, II, 15 18. Charter of Privileges of 
1 70 1, MacDonald, Charters, No. 46. 

Brief Accounts : Bancroft, I, 561-571. Fisher, Colo- 
nial Era, 201-203. Sharpless, Ch. iv. Fiske, Dutch and 
Quaker Colonies, II, 151-155, 307-311. 

f. The Quaker government, 1682-1756. 

(1) Religious and civil liberty. 

(2) Relations with the Indians. Discriminating 
account in Sharpless, Quaker Experiment, Ch. vi. 

(3) Quaker attitude toward war. Sharpless, Quaker 
Experiment, Ch. vii. 

(4) Extent to which Quakers controlled the govern- 
ment. Sharpless, Quaker Experiment, in Chs. iv-viii, 
e-g; fy-77, 134, 1 72- 1 77- 274-276. 

(5) Slavery. 

g. Social and economic conditions in Pennsylvania, 1760 



ji2 American History 



(or 1765). Fisher, Colonial Era, 268-271. Fiske, II, 
319-329. Lodge, Colonies, Ch. xiii. 
h. Relations with Delaware, " The Territories. 1 ' 
Additional Topics : 

A. Quaker organizations and discipline. Sharpless, 
Ch. iii. Compare with modern Rules of Discipline and 
Advice (Philadelphia, 1894). 

B. The virtues and limitations of Quakers and Puritans. 

C. A comparison between the Quaker policy toward 
the Indians in Pennsylvania, 1682-1756, and the Puritan 
policy in New England in 1 630-1 676. Compare Sharp- 
less, in Ch. vi, with P'iske, II, 164-166, and Parkman, 
Conspiracy of Pontiac, in Ch. iii. 

D. The Quakers 1 attitude toward slavery. John Wool- 
man's Journal; selections in Hart, Contemporaries, II, 
No. 106. 

E. The measure of success of the Quaker Experiment. 

F. Delaware ; settlement, relations with Dutch and 
with Pennsylvania. 

General References : 
(1) Pennsylvania. 

Brief Accounts: Thwaites, Colonies, 215-217, and in 
Ch. x. Fisher, Colonial Era, Chs. xi, xvi. Lodge, Colo- 
nies, Ch. xii. 

Longer Accounts: Bancroft, I, 528-573; II, 24-31. 
Bryant and Gay, Popular History, II, 165-178, 481-498. 
Winsor, America, III, Ch. xii ; V, Ch. iii. Fiske, Dutch 
and Quaker Colonies, II, Chs. xii, xvi, xvii. Sharpless, 
History of Quaker Government in Pennsylvania, 2 vols. 
Vol. I, published originally as A Quaker Experiment in 
Government, makes use of Quaker sources and brings 
out clearly the essentials of the Quaker principles and 
practice, and the extent of their responsibility. It is a 
book of unusual interest and discrimination. Lives of 
Penn by Janney and Dixon. Proud, History of Pennsyl- 
vania. Watson, Annals of Philadelphia. 

Source : For an interesting non-Quaker view, read Ben« 



Outline of American History 313 

jamin Franklin's Autobiography, e.g., 141-147 (Quakers 
and war). See also Chs. ix-x for examples of practical 
good citizenship. (Riverside Literature Series edition.) 

(2) Delaware. 

Brief Accounts: Thwaites, Colonies, 207-210. Lodge, 
Colonies, Ch. xi (also in xii-xiii). 

Longer Accounts : Winsor, America, IV, Ch. ix. His- 
tories of Delaware by Vincent and by Scharf. 

(3) New Jersey. 

Brief Accounts: Thwaites, 210-214. Fisher, Colonial 
Era, Chs. x, xv. Lodge, Colonies, Ch. xiv. 

Longer Accounts: Winsor, America, III, Ch. xi ; V, 
Ch. iii. Andrews, Colonial Self-Government, Chs. vii- 
viii. Histories of New Jersey by Smith (to 1721), 
Gordon, Baum, Mulford. Further references for Penn- 
sylvania, Delaware, and New Jersey, in Channing and 
Hart, Guide, §§ 106-108; and in Larned, Literature of 
American History, pp. 92-100 and index. 
V. The Colonies in the Eighteenth Century, to 1760. 
12. Political, Social, and Economic Development of the 
Colonies, 1700-1750. 

a. Political development. 

(1) Progress in self-government: taxation; elec- 
tions ; free speech. 

(2) Defence of charters. Hart, Contemporaries, II, 
No. 48. 

(3) Boundary disputes : with France ; with Spain ; 
between individual colonies. 

(4) Attempts at union: especially in 1690, and Al- 
bany Plan, 1754; what is shown by their failure? 
Franklin's Plan, 1754, is in Old South Leaflets, No. 9 ; 
American History Leaflets, No. 14; MacDonald, Char- 
ters, No. 52. Franklin describes his plan in his Auto- 
biography, Ch. x. 

b. Economic conditions and development. Thwaites. Wee- 

den, Economic and Social History of New England, for 
that region. 



314 American History 



c. Social development : population — immigration, expan- 

sion, increase ; religion (especially " Great Awaken- 
ing ") ; education ; literature ; newspapers. 

d. General character of the period. 

Good Short Accounts : McLaughlin, History of the 
American Nation, Ch. v. Thvvaites, Colonies, Ch. xiv. 
Cambridge Modern History, Vol. VII (United States), 
Ch. ii. 

Material can be picked out of the longer accounts in : — 
Fisher, Colonial Era, Part II, especially 225-236 (N.E.), 
246-259 (N.Y. and N.J.), 263-271 (Penn. and Del.), 
272-276 (Md.), 277-284 (Va.), 296-302 (Car.), and 
Ch. xxi (Literature). Lodge, Colonies, in Chapters on 
the history of each colony, e.g., Chs. i, xii, xvi, xviii- 
xxi. Weeden, Economic and Social History of New 
England. Bryant and Gay, III, Chs. iii-v, vii, ix. Ban- 
croft, II, 238-267. Fiske, Old Virginia, Chs. xiv-xvii ; 
Dutch and Quaker Colonies, Chs. xv-xvii. Winsor, 
America, V, Chs. ii-vi. For " Great Awakening," see 
Fiske, New France and New England, Ch. vi (especially 
220-232) ; also in Franklin's Autobiography in Ch. vii, 
on Whitefield. 

Sources : Much illustrative matter in Hart, Contempo- 
raries, II, Pts. iii-iv, e.g., Nos. 72 (Zenger Case), 48 
(charters), 81 (Franklin), 38 (Mason and Dixon's Line), 
59, 66 (salaries and vetoes). Pupils should read espe- 
cially material on their own state {e.g., in state histories ; 
or even, if time allows, on some special topic like the 
growth of population or manufacturing in their town or 
county history). Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography is 
one of the most interesting and instructive sources in 
American history. It gives much material which illus- 
trates clearly the characteristics of this period and shows 
how a typical American colonist thought and lived. Read 
e.g., Chs. v (scheme of daily life), vi (practical ideas), vi, 
viii, ix, x (public spirit, public improvements), vii (White- 
field, "Great Awakening 1 "), x (Albany Union), i, vi 



Outline of American History 315 

(self-education) ; i, iv, v, vi, printing and newspapers. 
(The Chs. refer to Riverside Literature Series ed.) 
Additional Topics : 

A. An outline of the political and economic develop- 
ment in the pupil's own state, 1 700-1 750. Use, if avail- 
able, the topics and sub-topics above, so as to indicate 
what progress was made in these lines in the state. 

B. Same for pupil's own town. 

13. Struggle between France and England for North 
America, 1 689-1 763. 

a. French explorations and settlements in the St. Law- 

rence and Mississippi valleys, 1604-1718 : •Port Royal 
in Acadia, 1604; Champlain at Quebec, 1608; La 
Salle and the Mississippi, 1682 ; settlement of Louisi- 
ana, 1699; New Orleans, 1718. 

b. Contrast between French and English methods of colo- 

nization in North America : political, religious, social, 
economic. Parkman, Old Regime in Canada, Ch. xxiv. 

c. The ''Second Hundred Years 1 War between England 

and France,' 1 1689-1815 1 : its world-wide importance; 
the chief events in America to 1748. Seeley, Expan- 
sion of England, Ch. ii. See also references in Out- 
line of European History, pp. 180; 183-185; 190- 
197 ; Outline of English History, pp. 257-258. 

d. Strength and weakness of the French and of the English 

in 1754. 

l The following table gives the names and dates for Europe and America : — 
In Europe In America 

(1) War of League of Augsburg 1689-1697 King William's War. 

(2) War of Spanish Succession 1702-1713 Queen Anne's War. 

(3) War of Austrian Succession 1740-1748 King George's War, 1744-1748. 

(4) Seven Years' War 1756-1763 French and Indian War, 1754- 

1763. 

(5) American War *775-i7%3 The American Revolution. 

(6) War against the French Rev- 

olution and Napoleon 1793-1802 

{7) War against Napoleon 1803-18 15 War of 1812 with Great Britain. 



316 American History 



(1) In Europe: military resources ; attitude of each 
of the mother countries toward its colonies. 

(2) In America : geographical conditions ; popula- 
tion ; military resources ; political, social, economic 
conditions. Parkman, Montcalm and Wolfe, Ch. i. 
Hart, Formation of the Union, Ch. ii. 

e. Expulsion of the French, 1 754-1 763, the "French and 
Indian War. 1 ' 

(1) Theatre of war ; lines of invasion. 

(2) Causes and beginnings. 

(3) Early failures of the English, 1754-1757. 

(4) New plans and leaders, and conquest of Canada, 
1757-1760: Pitt; Wolfe; Quebec. Parkman, Mont- 
calm and Wolfe, II, Chs. xviii, xxiv, xxvii ; Conspiracy 
of Pontiac, Ch. iv ; Struggle for a Continent (see 
below) . 

(5) Terms of peace; geographical and political re- 
sults of war to England, France, America, India. 

Map Work: 
a. (For all.) Possessions of France, England, and Spain in 
North America in 1756; English and Spanish posses- 
sions in North America in 1763. 
&. Theatre of war ; showing river valleys, lines of inva- 
sions, forts, battles. Maps for a and b in McLaughlin, 
American Nation ; for «, in Thwaites, Colonies, and 
Hart. Formation of the Union ; Sloane, French War 
and Revolution, for "Colonies, 1756," and "Theatre 
of War." 

Additional Topics : 

A. Were the English justified in : 

(1) The attempt to expel the Acadians ? 

(2) The method used ? Parkman, Montcalm and 
Wolfe, I, Ch. vii. Compare Winsor, America, V, 41 5— 
417, with 452-463. Hart, Contemporaries, II, No. 
126. 

B. Character and work of the older Pitt. Parkman, 
Montcalm and Wolfe, Ch. xviii, and following. Long- 



Outline of American History 317 

man, Frederick the Great and the Seven Years' War 
(Epochs of Modern History). 

C. Battle of the Plains of Abraham and Capture of 
Quebec. Parkman, Montcalm and Wolfe, Chs. xxiv-xxv, 
xxvii-xxviii, especially Ch. xxvii. 

D. The character and work of the Jesuits in North 
America in the 17th century. Parkman, Jesuits. 

.Review or Examination Topic : 

" The means, the character, and the spirit of the two 
combatants [in the French and Indian War], and why 
one succeeded where the other was defeated. 11 
References : 

Brief Accounts : Thwaites, Colonies, Ch. xii ; together 
with Hart, Formation of the Union, Ch. ii. McLaughlin, 
History of the American Nation, Ch. vi. Parkman, 
Conspiracy of Pontiac, Ch. iv (see also Chs. ii-iii). 

Longer Accounts : The whole subject is most ade- 
quately treated in the masterly and fascinating narrative 
of Parkman, France and England in North America, in 
seven parts, viz. : Pioneers of France in the New World ; 
Jesuits in North America in the Seventeenth Century; 
LaSalle and the Discovery of the Great West ; Old Re- 
gime in Canada ; Count Frontenac and New France 
under Louis XIV; Half Century of Conflict (2 vols.); 
Montcalm and Wolfe (2 vols.). See also his Conspiracy 
of Pontiac, Chs. ii-iv. Especially interesting and valuable 
are: Pioneers of France, Chs. vii-ix ; Old Regime, Chs. 
xv, xxiv ; Half Century of Conflict, Ch. iv ; Montcalm 
and Wolfe, Chs. i, viii, xxvii. Good selections in an 
abridged edition of Parkman (1 vol.), by Edgar, entitled 
The Struggle for a Continent ; see especially 256-264, 
301-308, 333-459. Fiske, New France and New England, 
Chs. vii-x. Sloane, French War and the Revolution, 
Chs. iii-ix. Bancroft, II, 137-237, 343-346, 362-366, 
377-388, 416-512, 520-527, 562-565. Winsor, America, 
V, Chs. vii-viii. See also Longman, Frederick the 
Great and the Seven Years 1 War, Ch. xii, and 223-232, 



3 1 8 American History 

Sources: Hart, Contemporaries, II, Nos. Ill, 112, 
122 (independence), 126 (Acadians), 127 (Braddock's 
defeat), 129 (Fall of Quebec). Hart, Source Book, 
No. 37 (Deerfield), 39 (Washington's account of Brad- 
dock's defeat), 40 (Quebec). 
14. Condition of the Colonies in 1760 (or 1765), Politi- 
cal, Social, and Economic ; Comparisons between 
the three sections. 

" Between them [the New England colonies] and Virginia was the contest 
.'<>r supremacy, while the great Middle colonies held the balance; and the his- 
tory of that conflict of ideas is the history of the United States " (Lodge, Colo- 
nies, 475). This suggestive sentence may stimulate discriminating discussion. 

a. Economic Conditions. 

(1) In the Southern colonies (Virginia, the typical 
colony) : occupations ; means of communication. 
Lodge. Colonies, Ch. ii. Fiske, Old Virginia, II, Ch. 
xiv. Eggleston, in Century Magazine, 1 883-1 885 
(illustrated) ; see especially Vol. 27, " Husbandry." 1 

(2) Contrast between economic conditions in the 
South and in New England. Compare accounts in the 
preceding sub-topic with Lodge, Colonies, in Ch. 
xxii. See also Fiske, Old Virginia, II, 29-35. De- 
tails may be found in Weeden, Economic and Social 
History of New England, 2 vols. ; and in Bruce, Eco- 
nomic History of Virginia in the Eighteenth Century, 
2 vols. 

(3) Comparison between economic conditions in 
New England and the Middle colonies. (Pennsyl- 
vania or New York as typical colony.) See references 
in preceding sub-topic (2) ; and those in topic c (2) 
on p. 309 ; or topic g on p. 312. 

b. Social conditions. 

(1) In Southern colonies : classes; slavery; planta- 
tion life ; religion, churches, and church services ; 
education ; amusements. (Virginia, typical colony.) 

1 For shorter references than these given tinder each topic, see the Briei 
Accounts under t/ie General Refer etices at end of this section, page 320. 



Outline of American History 319 

Lodge. Fiske. Eggleston, in Century Magazine, 
Vol. 28, social conditions (including slavery) ; Vol. 30 
(travel, amusements, etc.); Vol. 29 ("Colonists at 
Home"). 

(2) Contrast between social conditions in Southern 
and New England colonies. Lodge, Chs. ii and xxii. 
See also preceding references, and General References 
at end. 

(3) Comparison between social conditions in South- 
ern and Middle colonies. (Pennsylvania or New 
York as typical colony.) Compare accounts in sub- 
topic (1) with those in references in topic c (2), p. 309 ; 
or topic g, p. 312. 

(4) Comparison between social conditions in New 
England and Middle colonies. (Pennsylvania or New 
York.) Hart, Formation. Channing, U. S. A., 1765— 
1865. Lodge, Colonies, Chs. xiii, xvi, xxii. Fiske, 
Dutch and Quaker Colonies, Ch. xv. Century Maga- 
zine, Vols. 28-30 (see above in topic b (1)). 

Political conditions. 

(1) Contrast between forms of local government 
in New England and Virginia: causes and results. 
Brief account in Fiske, Civil Government, 57-67; or 
his Old Virginia, II, 34-44. Compare Lodge, Colonies, 
in Chs. ii and xxii. Briefly in Hart, Formation, in 
Ch. i. Or recall work in topic e, p. 303. 

(2) The system of local government in New York 
and Pennsylvania : comparison with New England and 
Virginia. Thwaites. Hart. Lodge. Fiske, Civil 
Government. 

(3) The three forms of colonial government. Hart, 
Formation, 13-15. Fiske, Civil Government, 140-159. 
Channing, U. S. A., 26-27, 33~3^>- Fuller details in 
Lodge, Colonies, in Chs. ii, iv, xxii. (See topic g, 
p. 299 ; topic a, p. 300 ; topic ;/, p. 306.) 

(4) General similarities in political conditions in the 
thirteen colonies. 



20 American History 



d. General conditions. 

(i) Inherited institutions and their development 
Hart, Formation, 5-10, 16-17. 

(2) Elements in common among the colonists : in- 
stitutions, character, ideals. Hart, Formation, Ch. i. 
Channing, U.S.A., 1 765-1 865, in Ch. i. Sloane, 
French War and the Revolution, Chs. i and ii. Fiske, 
War of Independence, Ch. ii. 

(3) Effects of diversity and similarity on later de- 
velopment. 

(4) Means of travel and communication between the 
colonies. 

(5) Population of the colonies in 1760: numbers; 
character; distribution. Hart, Formation, 3-5. Chan- 
ning, U.S.A., 1765-1865, 1-5. 

Additional Topics : 

. A. Colonial amusements. 

B. Slavery in the colonies, 161 9-1 760. 

C. Colonial taverns and turnpikes. (May be made 
a topic for investigation in local history.) 

D. Religion : including toleration, church and state, 
and clergymen. 

E. Education and literature. See Fisher, Colonial 
Era, Ch. xxi. 

F. Foreign Trade. 
General References : 

Brief Accounts : Hart, Formation of the Union, Ch. f. 
Channing, U.S.A., 1765-1865, Ch. i. McLaughlin, 
History American Nation, Ch. vii. Fisher, Colonial 
Era, closing portions of Chs. xiv-xxi. Fiske, War of 
Independence, Ch. ii. Sparks, Expansion of the Ameri- 
can People, Chs. iv-v (illustrated). 

Longer Accounts : Lodge's Short History of the English 
Colonies in America is the best single book on conditions 
in all the colonies in 1765. See Chs. ii, iv, vi, viii, x, xiii, 
xv, xvii, xxii, especially Chs. ii and xxii. Fiske, Old Vir- 
ginia and Her Neighbors, II, 29-44, and Ch. xiv. Fiske 



Outline of American History 321 

Dutch and Quaker Colonies, Chs. xv, xvii. Weeden, 
Economic and Social History of New England. Eggles- 
ton, articles in Century Magazine, 1 883-1885 (illustrated), 
contain much interesting matter, Vols. 27-30. Earle, 
Sabbath in Puritan New England, Colonial Dames and 
Goodwives, Customs and Fashions in Old New England, 
Home Life in Colonial Days (illustrated), Child Life in 
Colonial Days (illustrated), contain interesting details of 
colonial social life. Sloane, French War and the Revo- 
lution, Chs. i-ii. 

Sources : Hart, Contemporaries, II, Pt. iv, Nos. 80-84 
(life of the people) ; 85-89 (commerce and currency) ; 
97-101 (religious life) ; 102-108 (slavery and servitude). 
Hart, Source Book, Ch. vii (colonial life in the 18th 
century) ; Ch. viii (colonial government). For further 
references see Channing and Hart, Guide, § 133. Larned, 
Literature of American History, especially pp. 69-1 11. 
VI. Union and Independence, 1760-1783. 
15. Causes of the American Revolution, 1760-1783. 

a. Underlying causes of the Revolution : fundamental dif- 
ference in ideas and conditions between England and 
the colonies in 1760. 

(1) In social conditions (including religion). 

(2) In economic conditions. 

(3) In political ideas and conditions : two kinds of 
" representation " ; the English view as to the govern- 
ment of the colonies ; the view in the colonies — ex- 
amples in the Writs of Assistance and the Parson's 
Cause. 
Brief Accounts : Channing, United States of America, 

1765-1865, 25-40. (This portion and the whole "book 
written in a scholarly, catholic spirit.") Fiske, War of 
Independence, 18-20, 58-64. Fiske, American Revolu- 
tion, Ch. i, especially 1-4, 32-45. 

Longer Accounts : Sloane, French War and Revolution, 
Chs. i and x. For the views of two eminent Englishmen, 
read: (1) Lecky, American Revolution (being chapters 



322 American History 



from his History of England in the 18th Century), 38- 
52, for a discriminating view of the political and com- 
mercial relations between colonies and mother country ; 
(2) Trevelyan, American Revolution, Part I, 44-99, 
for a brilliant picture of the contrast between life in 
England and America, very appreciative of the American 
ideals. Otis's arguments in connection with the Writs 
of Assistance and Patrick Henry's in the Parson's Cause 
may serve as examples of the American theory : well 
treated in Channing, Student's History, and his U. S. A., 
1 765-1 865 ; Parson's Cause, more fully in Tyler's Patrick 
Henry, Ch. iv ; Otis on Writs of Assistance, American 
History Leaflets, No. 33. For the English view in 1765, 
see Lecky, American Revolution, Ch. i. 
The immediate causes ot the Revolution, 1 763-1 774, 
resulting from these fundamental differences. 

(1) Grenville's three new schemes of colonial con- 
trol. (" These three measures produced the American 
Revolution.") Hart, Formation of Union, 44-50 and 
following. Channing, U. S. A., 1765-1865, 39-48. 
Fiske, War of Independence, 39-51. Lecky, American 
Revolution, 50 and following (or in Ch. xi of his 
History of England in 18th Century). 

(2) The trade laws and attempts at enforcement. 
Hart, Formation, 17, 19, 44-48. Sloane, French War 
and Revolution, 1 19-120, 124-125. Lecky, American 
Revolution, 42-48, 52-56. Winsor, America, VI, 6-14, 
23-26. 

(3) The Stamp Act. 

(a) Its purpose. Lecky, 60-62, 66-68. Win- 
sor, America, VI, 15-18. 

{b) The arguments of its supporters. Hart, 
Contemporaries, No. 138. Lecky, 71-73, 77, 
86-89. 

(V) The arguments of its opponents. Hart, 
Contemporaries, II, Nos. 140-143 (Cambridge 
Town Meeting, Stamp Act Congress, Pitt, 



Outline of American History 323 

Franklin). Lecky, 75"79> 8 9"92- The Decla- 
ration of Rights by the Stamp Act Congress is 
also in MacDonald, Select Charters, No. 59; 
Preston, Documents, 1 88-1 91 ; or Lamed, His- 
tory for Ready Reference, article " United States, 11 
under date 1765. Patrick Henry's speech is in 
Tyler's Henry, Ch. v. 
Brief Accounts of Stamp Act : Hart, Formation, 48-53- 
Fiske, War of Independence, 51-63, or his Revolution, 
15-27. Channing, U. S. A., 1765-1865, 48-56. 
Longer Accounts : Lecky, 67-97. Winsor, America, 

VI, 15-35- 

(4) The Townshend Acts and resistance to them, 
1 767-1 769. Fiske, War of Independence, 64-76 ; Revo- 
lution, I, 28-32, 46-66. Winsor, America, VI, 35-47- 
Lecky, 107-115, 1 18-123. The Acts in MacDonald, 
Charters, Nos. 62-64. 

(a) Massachusetts Circular Letter, 1768. 
MacDenald, Charters, No. 65. 

(b) Pennsylvania Farmer's Letters. Hart, 
Contemporaries, II, No. 149- 

(c) Virginia Resolves of 1769. MacDonald, 
Charters, No. 66. Channing, U. S. A., 1765- 
1865, Appendix. 

(5) Boston Massacre, 1770- Fiske > Revolution, I, 
65-72, interesting and suggestive. Compare Lecky, 
126-131. Hart, Contemporaries, II, No. 151. 

(6) Committees of Correspondence, local and colo- 
nial, 1772 and 1773- Fiske, Revolution, I, 77-8o. 
Winsor, America, VI, 53"57, facsimile of letter of 
Boston Committee of Correspondence, 55. 

(7) Boston Tea Party, 1773- Fiske > Revolution, I, 
81-93. 

Sources: Old South Leaflets, No. 68. Hart, Contem- 
poraries, II, No. 152. 

(8) The five repressive acts of 1774, the "Intolerable 
Acts." Acts in MacDonald, Charters (except Quebec 



324 American History- 



Act), Nos. 68-71. Fiske, Revolution, I, 93-99. Lecky, 
165-175. 

(9) Continental Congress, 1774. 

(a) Demand for it. Fiske, Revolution, I, 
ioo-no. 

(b) Declaration and Resolves. MacDonald, 
Charters, No. 72. Preston, Documents, 192-198. 

(c) American Association and Non-Importa- 
tion Agreement. MacDonald, Charters, No. 
J2,- Preston, Documents, 199-205. 

c. A summary of the causes of the American Revolution : 
brief, but in chronological order, and with definite 
examples. 
Additional Topics : 

A. Popular feeling in America, 1 765-1 775 : as shown 
in handbills, broad-sides, songs, and illustrations. Stamp 
Act: McLaughlin, American Nation, 176-179; Winsor, 
America, VI, 33. Non-importation and boycotting in 
Boston, 1767-1770: Winsor, VI, 77-80. Boston Mas- 
sacre: Winsor, VI, 48, 89; McLaughlin, 182, 188. Tea 
handbills and posters : Channing, Students' History, 182 ; 
Winsor, VI, 92, 93. Following are all in Winsor, Amer- 
ica, VI: Liberty sentiments, 1 769-1 770, 86-87; Boston 
Committee of Correspondence, 1773, 55 ; Regarding Acts 
of 1774, 61, 97; Virtual Representation, 1775, 103. 

B. Modern English views of the causes of the Revo- 
lution. Seeley, Expansion of England, Ch. iv, especially 
65 and following. Lecky, American Revolution in Ch. i, 
especially pages cited above in topics a and b, and 154- 
194. Compare Lecky's account of the Stamp Act with 
Bancroft's. Or read accounts in text-books on English 
History by Englishmen : e.g., Green, Gardiner, Bright. 
A fascinating picture, favorable to the Americans, in Tre- 
velyan, American Revolution, I. Two Pts. in 3 vols., so 
far published (1903). 

C. What were some of the chief constitutional prin- 
ciples involved in the disputes, 1 760-1 774, with specific 
illustrations of each? 



Outline of American History 325 

D. How Samuel Adams stirred up the spirit of Revo- 
lution. Fiske, Revolution. Hosmer, Samuel Adams. 
Ge7ieral References for sections 15 and 16: see end of next 
section, on the Revolution. 
16. The Revolution, 1 775-1 783. 
Map Work: 

(1) Sketch map, showing three fields of campaign 
(New England, Middle states, the South), with dates 
(see topics 6, c, d) for. each of three regions, and for 
ten or twelve most important battles. 1 

(2) Boundaries proposed by French court, 1782. 
Channing, Students' History, 227. Fiske, Critical 
Period, 21. Winsor, America, VII, 148. 

(3) (For all.) Territory of the United States accord- 
ing to the Treaty of 1783, showing also the territory 
of Spain and England. Channing, Students 1 History, 
229; U.S.A., 1765-1865,1. McLaughlin, American 
Nation, 219. Hart, Formation of the Union, map 3, 
end of volume ; same in Epoch Maps, No. 7. 

a. Comparison of antagonists : population ; resources ; lead- 

ers ; 2 theatre of war ; strategy. Hart, Formation of 
the Union, 70-73. Channing, U.S.A., 1765-1865, 
72-80. 

b. The campaign in New England, 1 775-1 776: importance 

of Lexington and Concord, of Bunker Hill, of Evacua- 
tion of Boston. Fiske, War of Independence, 85-95. 
Lecky, American Revolution, 201-205, 2 3° _2 34- 
Longer Accounts: Fiske, Revolution, I, 120-146, 169- 
172. Very readable account in Trevelyan, American Rev- 
olution, in Chs. ix-xi, especially 310, 327-338, 409-411. 

c. The turning of the tide in the Middle states, 1 776-1 780. 

(1) The work of Washington. Fiske, War of Inde- 

1 A convenient way in this and other maps to save space and avoid crowding 
territory with names is to put dates, etc., along the coast. 

2 British commanders in chief were : Gage, 1774-1775 ; Howe, 1775-May, 
1778; Clinton, May, 1778-May, 1782. (See Bancroft, History, iii, 148; iv, 269; 
v, 270, 555.) 



326 American History 

pendence, 120-122, 138-143; Revolution, I, 229-238, 
306-307, 317. Lodge, Washington, I, 1 71-179, 199-205. 

(2) Burgoyne's Campaign. Fiske, War of Inde- 
pendence, 125-137, 142-143. Lecky, Revolution, 321- 
327. Fiske, Revolution, I, Chs. vi-vii. 

(3) The French Alliance : political effects ; military 
aid. Fiske, War of Independence, 144-160, 177-180. 
Lecky, 295-310, 328-329. Suggestive article by Emil 
Reich, A New View of the Revolutionary War, North 
A?nerican Review, July, 1903. 

d. Campaign in the South, 1 778-1 781. Fiske, War of 

Independence, 163-166, 171-180. Channing, U. S. A., 
96-102. Lecky, Revolution, 448-455 (Yorktown cam- 
paign). Fiske, Revolution, II, 274-286. 

e. Growth toward Independence, 1 775-1 776. Good gen- 

eral accounts in Channing, Students 1 History, 198- 
206; Fiske, Revolution, I, 157-164, 172-197. 

(1) King's rejection of "Olive Branch" Petition. 
Fiske, Revolution, I, 158-160. Frothingham, Repub- 
lic, 435, 444-447, 45 J - 

(2) Formation of new state governments. Hart, 
Formation, 81-82. Fiske, Revolution, I, 157-158, 
180-182. Fiske, Civil Government, 161-166. Fiske, 
Critical Period, 63-71. 

Source: Hart, Contemporaries, II, No. 187 (constitu- 
tion of New Hampshire). 

(3) Beginning of a national government, 1775. 
Hart, Formation, 74-77. Fiske, Civil Government, 
204-207 ; Fiske, Critical Period, 90-93. 

(4) Hiring of the "foreign mercenaries. 11 Fiske, 
Revolution, I, 160-163, 172-173. 

(5) Thomas Pained "Common Sense." Fiske, 
Revolution, I, 173-175. 

Sources: Quotations in Hart, Contemporaries, II, 
No. 186. Bancroft, History, IV, 313-315. 

f. The Declaration of Independence. Read it through 

carefully and state : 



Outline of American History 32 



(1) Its ideas as to the source and the purpose of 
democratic government. 

(2) Some of the definite acts referred to in the list 
of grievances. The Declaration is to be found in the 
appendix to most school histories ; in Old South Leaf- 
lets, No. 3 ; MacDonald, Select Documents, No. i ; 
Preston, Documents, 210-217. The original draft is 
in American History Leaflets, No. 11. (Note what 
omissions were made and why.) For a suggestive 
criticism on the frankness of the Declaration, read 
Goldwin Smith, United States : an Outline of Political 
History, 1492-1871, 87-89. Compare Bigelow, in 
Cambridge Modern History, VII, Ch. vi. 

g. The Treaty of Peace, 1783. Channing. Students 1 His- 
tory, 225-231. Hart, Formation, 95-98. 
Longer Accounts: Fiske, Critical Period, Ch. i, espe- 
cially 17-37, 44-45- Lecky, American Revolution, 462- 
485. 

Sources: Treaty in MacDonald, Documents, No. 3. 
Explanation, in Hart, Contemporaries, II, No. 217. 
h. Difficulties of the Americans. Hart, Formation, 89-95. 
Sources: Hart, Contemporaries, II, No. 195. The 
text-book and other accounts will suggest other difficul- 
ties and dangers which arose during the war. 
i. Services of Washington in the Revolution. Lecky, 
Revolution, 209-214 (or in Ch. xi of his History of 
England in 18th Century). Goldwin Smith, United 
States, 96-98. Fiske, War of Independence, 109-1 1 1 . 
The services suggested above in connection with topic 
c and accompanying references should be included. 
/. Patriotism and lack of patriotism during the Revolution. 

(1) For instances of patriotism, the text-books and 
books mentioned in the references above will prove 
helpful. 

(2) For lack of patriotism : Lecky, Revolution, 374- 
377, 227-230, especially quotation from Washington, 
in notes, 228-229, 376 ; Goldwin Smith, United States, 



328 American History 



100-105, a ^ s0 including quotations from Washington. 

Source: Hart, Contemporaries, II, Nos. 160 and 170. 

k. Causes of success : American, English, European factors. 

(1) Summary. Hart, Formation, 89. Channing, 
United States of America, 73-80. 

(2) The importance of the aid of France. Lecky, 
American Revolution, 398-399, 443-447 (or in Ch. 
xiv of his History of England in the 18th Century). 
Channing, U. S. A., 79-80. Fiske, Revolution, II, 
201-203. See also references above, in topic c (3). 

(3) " How England was hampered and weakened." 
Fiske, War of Independence, 157-160; more fully in 
his Revolution, II, 1 30-161, 286-287. 

/. The widespread results of the Revolution in America 
and Europe. Hart, Formation, 99-101. Fiske, Rev- 
olution, II, 290. Bancroft, V, 580. Compare with 
Goldwin Smith, United States, 113-119. Seeley, Ex- 
pansion of England, Ch. vii, suggestive on the impor- 
tance of the Revolution and its results. 
m. Justification of the Revolution. Hart, Formation, 64-68. 
Source : From the Declaration of Independence give 
such of its principles and statements as to-day may be 
fairly regarded as just grounds for the Revolution. For 
text of Declaration, see references above in topic/ (2). 
71. Advantages and disadvantages of the Revolution. Hart, 
Contemporaries, II, No. 220. Goldwin Smith, United 
States, 1 1 3-1 19. 
Additional Topics ; 

A. Franklin's services to America in the Revolution. 
Morse, Franklin. Ford, Many-sided Franklin. Hale, 
Franklin in France. 

B. The Loyalists and their treatment. Tyler, Literary 
History of the Revolution. Sabine. Van Tyne. 

C. The Conway Cabal. 

D. Arnold's treason. Fiske, Revolution, Ch. xiv. 

E. Naval warfare ; John Paul Jones. Fiske, Revolu- 
tion, Ch. xii. Maclay, Navy, I. Winsor, VI, Ch. vii. 



Outline of American History 329 

F. The services of foreign officers in the American 
army. 

G. Account of a battle in which a pupil's ancestor 
took part. See references below. 

H. John Andre and Nathan Hale. 

I. Diplomacy of the Revolution. 

/. The Revolution in the minds and hearts of the 
people. 
General References (for the Revolution and its causes) (for 
specific references see topics in sections 15 and 16) : 

Brief Accounts : Channing, U. S. A., 1765-1865. Hart, 
Formation of the Union Suggestive, and giving modern 
English point of view, are : Seeley, Expansion of Eng- 
land ; Goldwin Smith, United States, 1492-1871. 

Longer Accounts : Very judicious and broadening, 
Lecky, The American Revolution (being selections 
from Lecky, History of England in 18th Century, edited 
by Woodburn). Another brilliant English account, very 
favorable to the Americans, Trevelyan, American Revo- 
lution (three volumes published, 1903, to 1777). Ex- 
cellent short account in Fiske, War of Independence 
(Riverside Literature Series), mere fully in his two vol- 
ume American Revolution, and his illuminating Criti- 
cal Period. Valuable material, especially bibliographical 
and illustrative, in Winsor, America, VI. Sloane, French 
War and the Revolution. Frothingham, Rise of the 
Republic. Very full account in Bancroft, History. 
For details of battles, consult Lossing, Pictorial Field 
Book of the Revolution ; Carrington, Battles of the 
American Revolution (with military criticisms) ; Daw- 
son, Battles of the United States (with selections from 
documents). Further details may be found in magazine 
articles referred to in Poole's Index to Periodical Litera- 
ture ; and very valuable material in the Collections of 
State Historical Societies and in the collections of 
Documents published by the various states. For the 
Loyalists, or Tories, see Tyler, Literary History of the 



330 American History 

Revolution ; Van Tyne, The Loyalists in the American 
Revolution ; Sabine, Loyalists. Interesting material in 
the biographies in the American Statesmen Series : e.g. 
Hosmer, Samuel Adams ; Tyler, Patrick Henry ; Lodge, 
Washington ; Morse, Franklin ; and in Ford, Many-sided 
Franklin, and True George Washington. On economic 
questions, Beers, Commercial Policy of England toward 
the American Colonies (Columbia University Studies in 
History, etc., Ill, No. 2. N.Y., 1893). 

Sources : Hart, Contemporaries, II, Pts. vi-viii ; Source 
Book, Ch. ix. MacDonald, Charters (to 1776) ; 
and his Documents. Preston, Documents. American 
History Leaflets, Nos. 11, 20, 21, 33. Old South Leaf- 
lets, Nos. 2, 3, 47, 68, 97, 98. For documents, see 
the three following works. 
Further References in Channing and Hart, Guide, §§ 133-143 5 
Winsor, Reader's Handbook of the American Revolu- 
tion ; Larned, Literature of American History, pp 
m-152. 
VII. The Critical Period, 1783-1789. 
17. Confederation and Constitution. Part I. Con- 
federation. 
a. Articles of Confederation : history of formation ; leading 
features ; defects ; merits ; attempts to amend. 
Walker, Making of the Nation, 1-14 (obstacles to 
union, 1-6). Hart, Formation of the Union, 93-95, 104, 
118. Schouler, I, 14-17. Fiske, Critical Period, 90- 
101. Winsor, America, VII, Ch. iii. 

Sources: Hart, Contemporaries, II, No. 189. Text of 
the Articles in American History Leaflets, No. 20 ; Old 
South Leaflets, No. 2 ; MacDonald, Documents, No. 2 ; 
Hill, Liberty Documents, Ch. xv ; Fiske, Civil Govern- 
ment, Appendix A. Proposed amendments, American 
History Leaflets, No. 28. Defects of the confederation, 
Hart, Contemporaries, III, Nos. 41, 54, 59. Note in the 
Articles especially: Art. IV (interstate citizenship); 
Art. V (representation in Congress) ; Art. VIII (modi 



Outline of American History 331 

of supplying the national treasury) ; Art. IX, § 6 (vot- 
ing) ; Art. XIII (amendment). 
b. Weakness of the government : dealings with the army : 

foreign relations. 

Fiske, Critical Period, 105-119 (army); 1 19-144 
(Tories, English trade); 157-162 (Barbary pirates); 
207-211 (Mississippi question). McMaster, I, Chs. ii, 
iv (use table of contents). 

Sources : Hart, Contemporaries, III, No. 38 (New- 
burgh address) ; Nos.49, 50 (trade restrictions) ; No. 53 
(John Adams's presentation to George III) ; No. 45 
(Mississippi question). Hart, Source Book, No. 66. 
€. Disorders in the states : boundary disputes ; trade dis- 
criminations ; paper-money craze. 

Walker, Making of the Nation, 14-19. 'Fiske, Critical 
Period, 144-153, 168-186. McMaster, I, 210-216 (Wyo- 
ming valley trouble), 281 and following (paper-money). 

Source: Hart, Contemporaries, III, Nos. 55, 58 
(Shays 1 rebellion) . 
d. Social, economic, and political conditions, and progress, 

1 783-1 789. 

Detailed accounts in: Fiske, Critical Period, Ch. ii, 
McMaster, I, Ch. i. 

Source: Hart, Contemporaries, III, Part II. 
#. The Northwest Territory : claims of the states ; cessions 

(influence of Maryland) ; organization of the territory ; 

rights guaranteed to people. 

Fiske, Critical Period, 187-207. On present govern- 
ment of territories, see Bryce, American Commonwealth 
(abridged edition), Ch. xlvi ; or I, Ch. xlvii. Hart, 
Actual Government. Hinsdale, American Government, 
Ch. xli. Hinsdale, Old Northwest. 

Sources: Cessions of the states, American History 
Leaflets, No. 22. Text of Ordinance of 1787, Mac- 
Donald, Documents, No. 4; Old South Leaflets, No. 13. 
On the formation of the Ordinance, see Hart, Con- 
temporaries, III, Nos. 43 (Ordinance of 1784), 46; 



332 American History- 



Source Book, No. 67. See, also, Contemporaries, III, 
No. 42. Old South Leaflets, No. 40 (Cutler's description 
of Ohio), Nos. 16, 41 (Washington's interest in the 
West). Other interesting accounts of the West, in Con- 
temporaries, III, Ch. v. 
Map Work: 

The claims of the states to western lands. Epoch 
maps, No. 6. (Same in Hart, Formation of Union 5 
map 3.) 
Part II. Constitution. 

f. The Federal Convention : steps leading to convention ; 
the great compromises ; find in the Constitution the 
clauses which constitute the great compromises. (For 
the text, see American History Leaflets, No. 8 ; Old 
South Leaflets, No. 1 ; MacDonald, Documents, No. 5 ; 
Fiske, Civil Government, Appendix B ; and in most 
school histories.) 

Brief Accounts: Hart, Formation of the Union, 121- 
128. Winsor, America, VII, 237-246. 

Longer Accounts : Fiske, Critical Period, 222-305 
Gay, Madison, Chs. vii, viii. Schouler, I, 23-47 . 
McMaster, I, Ch. iv. Bancroft, VI (last revision). 
Farrand, in American Historical Review, 1904, Vol. IX, 
No. 3. 

Sources : Hart, Contemporaries, III, Ch. x (includes a 
short sketch of some of the members of the convention 
and extracts from the debates on the election of senators 
and on slavery). Hill, Liberty Documents, Ch. xvii 
(useful marginal notes to the Constitution). Old 
South Leaflets, No. 70 (debate on the suffrage in Con- 
gress) ; No. 99 (extracts from letters of Washington). 

g. Ratification of the Constitution. 

Brief Accounts: Hart, Formation of the Union, 128- 
135. Walker, Making of the Nation, 51-62. 

Longer Accounts : Fiske, Critical Period, Ch. vii. Gay, 
Madison, Ch. ix. McMaster, I, Ch. v. Schouler, I, 
60-78. Bancroft, VI. 



Outline of American History 333 

Sources : Hart, Contemporaries, III, Ch. xi. Source 
Book, No. 68 (Mason's objections to the Constitution), 
No. 69 (a common-sense argument for the Constitution). 
Old South Leaflets, No. 12 (first two numbers of the 
Federalist). American Orations (Woodburn's revision), 
I, 39 (Hamilton's speech in the New York Convention), 
53 (Madison's speech in the Virginia Convention). 
M. Preliminary study of the Federal Constitution. 

(1) Congress: numbers, terms, qualifications and 
mode of election of members of each branch ; mode of 
making laws (three possible ways) ; powers of Con- 
gress ; special powers of each House (what special or 
exclusive powers does the Senate have as compared 
with the House?) ; find in the Constitution all the acts 
which require more than a simple majority vote. 

(2) The President : qualifications, term, manner of 
election (comparison of old and present methods) ; 
powers (note relations with Congress, and appointing 
power) . 

(3) The judiciary : kinds of courts ; tenure of judges ; 
jurisdiction of courts (general features only). 

(4) Division of powers between state and national 
government. 

Constitution. For brief comment, any Civil Govern- 
ment, e.g. Fiske, Strong and Shafer, Morey, Hinsdale's 
American Government. 

Bryce, American Commonwealth (very valuable). A 
helpful guide to Bryce is Clark's Outline of Civics. Hart, 
Actual Government. Wilson, Congressional Government. 
Additional Topics : 

A. Describe the two forms of territorial government 
laid down in the Ordinance of 1787. 

B. Find four or five rights guaranteed to the people 
of the northwest territory, and note their appearance in 
the Constitution. 

C. Compare the Constitution with the Articles of 
Confederation with reference to: (1) representation; 



334 American History 

(2) methods of raising money ; (3) voting in Congress ; 
(4) amendments. 

D. How has the Constitution remedied the defects 
enumerated in Hart, Contemporaries, III, Nos. 41, 54 ? 

E. Contemporary arguments against ratification of the 
Constitution. Contemporaries, III, Ch. xi ; Source Book, 
No. 68. 

F. The contest over ratification in Massachusetts ; in 
New York; in Virginia. Contemporaries, III, Ch. xi. 
Fiske, Critical Period, Ch. vii. McMaster, I, Ch. v. 
Lodge, Hamilton, 64-73. Hosmer, Samuel Adams, 392- 
401. Tyler, Patrick Henry, Ch. xviii. American Ora- 
tions, I. Hart, Source Book, No. 69. 

VIII. The Federalist Supremacy, 1789-1801. 
18. Organization of the National Government. 

a. Inauguration ; executive departments ; inferior courts s 

first ten amendments. 

Brief Accounts : Walker, Making of the Nation, 88-99. 
Fiske, Civil Government, 236-240, 250-252 (on present 
departments). 

Longer Accounts : McMaster, I, Ch. vi. Schouler, I, Ch. 
ii. Bryce, Commonwealth (abridged edition), Ch. viii 
(cabinet) ; Ch. xxi (Federal courts, descriptive of pres- 
ent conditions). 

Sources : Constitution, Art. II, section 1 ; section 2, 
clause 1 ; Art. Ill, section 1 ; Amendments, I-X. Hart, 
Contemporaries, III, No. jj (proceedings in Congress), 
No. 79 (hospitality of the Senate to President Washing- 
ton). Both of these extracts are from the interesting 
journal of Senator William Maclay. No. 81 (office-seek- 
ers). Source Book, No. 71 (Maclay, on Washington) * 
Old South Leaflets, No. 10 (inaugural address), No. 65 
(address to churches). See, for entire period, Historical 
Sources in Schools, § 80. 

b. Financial system, and formation of the Republican party. 

(1) Tariff. Taussig, Tariff History, 8-16. Lodge, 
Hamilton, 108-114 (report on manufactures). Hart, 



Outline of American History 335 

Contemporaries, III, No. 78 (first tariff debate). Mac- 
donald. Documents, No. 12 (Hamilton's report on 
manufactures). 

(2) Debts. Lodge, Hamilton, 1 17-129. Hart, Con- 
temporaries, III, No. 76 ; MacDonald, Documents, 
No. 6 (Hamilton's first report on the public credit). 
Source Book, No. 73 (Jefferson's account of the com- 
promise on assumption). 

(3) Excise. MacDonald, Documents, No. 8 (Ham- 
ilton's second report on public credit). 

(4) National Bank. Lodge, Hamilton, 98-105. 
Hart, Contemporaries, III, No. 82. MacDonald, 
Documents, Nos. 9 (Hamilton's report), 10 (Jeffer- 
son's opinion on constitutionality), 11 (Hamilton's 
opinion on constitutionality). 

(5) Formation of parties. Hart, Contemporaries, 
III, Nos. 83, 85 (Jefferson's opinion of Hamilton), 86 
(Hamilton's opinion of Jefferson). 

References : 

Walker, Making of the Nation, 78-87. Schouler, I, 
Ch. ii. (use table of contents). McMaster, I, Ch. vi ; 
II, Ch. vii. Lodge, Washington, II, 103-120. Lodge, 
Hamilton, Ch. vii. Morse, Jefferson, 100-129. Gay, 
Madison, Chs. xi, xii. 
c. The new government tested : Whiskey Rebellion ; Indian 

Wars. 

Brief Accounts: Walker, Making, 103-107, 123-125. 
Lodge, Hamilton, 180-184. 

Longer Accounts: Lodge, Washington, II, 81-103, 
120-128. McMaster, II, Ch. ix. Schouler, I. Von 
Hoist, I, 94-104. 

Source: MacDonald, Documents, No. 15 (Washing- 
ton's message, 1794). 
Additional Topics : 

A. "Our Republican Court: 11 titles, ceremonials. 
levees. Lodge, Washington, II, 50-57. Schouler, I, 
Ch. ii. McMaster, I, Ch. vi. 



336 American History 



B. The First Slavery Debates : import tax ; petitions ; 
fugitive slave law, 1793. Gay, Madison, in Ch. xi. 
Schouler, I. McMaster, I. MacDonald, Documents, 
No. 7. Constitution, I, section 9, clause 1 ; IV, section 2, 
clause 3. 

C. Political writings : newspapers, pamphlets, foreign 
editors. Schouler, I (use table of contents). Hart, 
Contemporaries, III, No. 87 (an extract from the 
National Gazette). 

D. Find in the Constitution three limitations on the 
power of Congress to tax. 

19 Foreign Relations, 1 793-1 800. 

a. Outbreak of war between England and France. (See 

Outline of European History, pp. 190-194.) Procla- 
mation of neutrality is in MacDonald, Documents, No. 
13. Criticism in Hart, Contemporaries, III, No. 94. 

b. Relations with France : Genet ; X, Y, Z affair ; war of 

1798; treaty of 1800. Hart, Contemporaries, III, 
Nos. 95 (Genet) ; 99 (X, Y, Z). Pennsylvania Re- 
prints, VI, No. 2 (X, Y, Z). MacDonald, Documents,- 
No. 16. Turner, Diplomatic Contest for Mississippi 
Valley, Atlantic, May-June, 1904; article on Genet in 
American Historical Review, July, 1898. 

c. Relations with England : Jay's Treaty ; constitutional 

questions involved (Schouler, I, 321-329). Important 
extracts in MacDonald, Documents, No. 14. For 
Fisher Ames's famous defence of the treaty in the 
House of Representatives, see Hart, Contemporaries, 
III, No. 97 ; or Johnston's American Orations, I. 
Gallatin's speech is in the latter volume. Pellew, Jay, 
Ch. xi. 

d. Relations with Spain : Mississippi question and the treaty 
of 1795. Ogg, Opening of the Mississippi, 411-459. 

General References : 

Brief Account: Walker, Making of the Nation, 99- 
103, 115-123, 137-144- 
Longer Accounts: Lodge, Washington, II, Ch. iv 



Outline of American History 337 

Lodge, Hamilton, Chs. viii, ix (first part) . Gay, Madison, 
193-222. Morse, Jefferson, Ch. x. Magruder, Marshall, 
Ch. vii. Morse, Adams, 269-283. 

Source : Hart, Source Book, Nos. 74, 75. 
Additional Topics : 

A. Attacks on Washington. McMaster, II (use table 
of contents). 

B. Washington's Farewell Address. Old South Leaf- 
lets, No. 4. Hill, Liberty Documents, Ch. xviii. 

C. Treaties: How made? May the House refuse to 
vote money necessary to carry out a treaty ? Can a treaty 
alter a law of the United States ? Can a law supersede a 
treaty? Constitution, Art. II, section 2, clause 2. Art. I, 
section 9, clause 7. Art. VI, clause 2. McMaster, II, 
266-276. Bryce, Commonwealth, 78-80 (or I, 106-109). 

20. Fall of the Federalists, 1 798-1 801. 

a. Alien and Sedition Acts ; Virginia and Kentucky Reso- 

lutions. . The text of the acts and resolutions is in 
American History Leaflets, No. 15 ; MacDonald, Docu- 
ments, Nos. 16-23. 
Brief Account: Walker, Making of the Nation, 149- 

155- 

Longer Accounts : Gay, Madison, Ch. xv. Von Hoist, 
I, 141-167. McMaster, II, 389-403; Ch. xi (sedition 
trials, use index). 

Sources : Hart, Contemporaries, III, Nos. 101, 104. 
Constitution, Amendments, I. American Orations, I 
(Nicholas on the sedition act). 

b. Party organization and conflicts, and the election of 

1 800-1 80 1. 

Brief Accounts: Walker, Making of the Nation, 157- 
167. Lodge, Hamilton, 225-236. 

Longer Accounts : Stanwood, Presidential Elections : 
or History of the Presidency. Schouler, I, 472-500. 
McMaster, II, Ch. xi (use table of contents). 

Sources: Hart, Contemporaries, III, Nos. 103, 105 
Constitution, Art. II, section 1. 



338 American History 

IX. The Jeffersonian Republicans, 1801-1817. 

21. General Principles and Domestic Policy of Jeffer- 

son's Administration. 

a. Inaugural address. American Orations, I. Old South 

Leaflets, No. 104. Hart, Contemporaries, III, No. 106. 
A Federalist's comment on Jefferson, Hart, Source 
Book, No. 77. Hart, Formation of Union, 176-179. 
Longer criticism in Henry Adams, I, Ch. vii. Henry 
Adams, History of the United States (during the ad- 
ministrations of Jefferson and Madison), is the best 
authority for the period 1801-1817. Morse, Jefferson, 
209-218. Schouler, II, 1-4. 

b. The civil service under Jefferson. Hart, Formation, 179- 

1S0. Morse, Jefferson, 218-225. Schouler, II, 6-12. 
Source: Contemporaries, III, No. 107. 

c. The attack on the judiciary: Schouler, II, 86-89. 

McMaster, III, 162-183. Henry Adams, II, 143 
(Pickering) ; Ch. x (trial of Chase). Adams, John 
Randolph, 130-152. 

Source : Constitution, Art. I, section 2, clause 5 ; section 
3, clauses 6, 7. 

d. Financial policy : reduction of debt ; retrenchment in 

army and navy. Hart, Formation, 182-183. Schouler, 
II, 22-25. Walker, 175. Henry Adams, I, 238-243. 
Stevens, Gallatin, Ch. vi. 

22, Expansion. 

a. Louisiana Purchase ; territorial and constitutional impor- 
tance. 

Brief Accounts: Hart, Formation, 185-187. Walker, 
Making, 177-184. 

Longer Accounts : Gilman, Monroe, 74-93. H. Adams, 
II (best account). Schouler, II, 40-59. McMaster, II, 
Ch. xiii; III, Ch. xiv. Von Hoist, I, 183-192 (chiefly a 
discussion of its constitutionality). Roosevelt, Winning 
of the West, IV, Ch. vi. Hosmer, History of the Louisi- 
ana Purchase. Ogg, Opening of the Mississippi. Turner. 
in Atlantic, May-June, 1904, 



Outline of American History 339 

Sources : American Orations, I (Josiah Quincy on the 
admission of Louisiana as a state). Contemporaries, III, 
Nos. iu-114, 123 (Quincy 's speech). Source Book, 
No. 78. MacDonald, Documents, No. 24 (Treaty of ces- 
sion). Old South Leaflets, No. 105 (Louisiana in 1803). 
b. Oregon; Lewis and Clark expedition, 1 803-1 806. Mc- 

Master, II, 633-635 ; III, 142-144. Henry Adams, II, 

12, 215. Roosevelt, Winning of the West, IV, Ch. vii. 

Sources : Old South Leaflets, No. 44 (Jefferson's in- 
structions to Lewis). Contemporaries, III, No. 115 (ex- 
tract from report of Lewis and Clark). Source Book, 
No. 80 (Gass's Journal). S<?e, also, Larned, Literature 
of American History, pp. 1 72-1 81. 
Map: 

The United States at the close of Jefferson's first term. 
Hart, Formation, map 4 ; same in Epoch Maps. 
Additional Topics : 

A. The Federalists' Secession Projects. Hart, For- 
mation, 188-189. Schouler, II, 68-75. McMaster, III, 
42-53. Von Hoist, I, 183-199. 

B. Why did Hamilton accept Burr's challenge? Lodge, 
Hamilton, 251-271. 

C. Burr's conspiracy. Hart, Formation, 1 89-191. 
Walker, Making of the Nation, 206-208. Morse, Jeffer- 
son, 280-285. McMaster, III, 54-88. Constitution, Art. 
Ill, section 3, clauses 1, 2. Schouler, II, 133-139. Mc- 
Caleb, The Aaron Burr Conspiracy. 

D. War with the Barbary Pirates. Hart, Formation, 
184-185. Schouler, II, 17-20, 75-78. McMaster, II, 
Ch. xiii; III, 200-208. Henry Adams, I, 244; II, 425. 
Maclay, United States Navy, I. 

Source : Contemporaries, III, No. 108. 
23. Struggle for Neutral Rights. (See Outline of Euro- 
pean History, pp. 195-196.) 

a. Aggressions by England and France on neutral trade : 
Berlin and Milan decrees; Orders in Council; im- 
pressments. 



34-0 American History 



Brief Accounts: Hart, Formation. 191-195. Walker, 

Making, 190-197. Channing, United States of America, 

174-180. 
Longer Accounts : Morse. Jefferson, 255-267, Schouler, 

II, Ch. vi. McMaster, III, 219 and following. Henry 

Adams, III, Chs. iv, xvi. 

Sources : Source Book, Nos. 74, 76, 79. Contem* 

poraries, III, Nos. 116-119. 
b. Retaliatory measures : non-importation ; embargo ; non- 
intercourse act; Macon's bill No. 2. 
Brief Accounts: Hart, Formation, 192-203. Walker, 

Making, 199-203. 217-224. 

Longer Accounts: Morse, Jefferson, Ch. xvii. Gay, 

Madison, Ch. xvii. McMaster, III, especially Chs. xix, xx. 

Schouler. II. Henry Adams. IV. 

Sources : MacDonald, Documents, Nos. 27 (embargo 

act), 28 (non-intercourse act). Contemporaries, III, 

Nos. 121, 122 (embargo). Source Book, No. 81. 
C. The War of 181 2 : causes, French, English, and Ameri- 
can ; comparison of strength; military and naval 
warfare ; opposition to the war (Hartford Convention) ; 
treaty of peace. For the influence of the young 
Republicans, see Schurz, Clay, I, Ch. v; McMaster, 
III, 419, 427-440 ; Henry Adams, VI, 122-153. Clay's 
speech on the war is in American Orations, I, and 
Contemporaries, III, No. 125. For Randolph's speech 
on the militia bill, see American Orations, I. Causes 
of the war : MacDonald, Documents, No. 29 ; Source 
Book, No. 83. Declaration of war, MacDonald, No. 30. 
On the military and naval events : McMaster, IV (use 
table of contents) ; Henry Adams, VI-VIII (use table 
of contents) ; Roosevelt, Naval War of 181 2 ; Maclay, 
United States Navy. On the Hartford Convention 
and opposition in general to the war : Hart, Forma- 
tion, 214-218; Walker, Making, 240-247; Von Hoist. 
I, 253-272 ; McMaster, IV, Ch. xxviii, especially 247- 
252; Schouler, II, 461-476; Henry Adams, VIII, IX ; 



Outline of American History 341 

MacDonald, Documents, No. 32 (report of the Hart- 
ford Convention). Treaty of Peace and results of the 
war: Hart, Formation, 218-222; McMaster, IV, 256- 
276; Schouler, II, 477-485; Schurz, Clay, I, Ch. vi ; 
Morse, J. Q. Adams, 75-98; Stevens, Gallatin, 312- 
337 ; Henry Adams, IX ; MacDonald, Documents, No. 
31 (treaty of Ghent) ; Contemporaries, III, No. 128 
(discussion of the treaty by J. O. Adams) ; Source 
Book, No. 87 (discussion of the peace, Gallatin). 
Sources : Contemporaries, III, Nos. 124 (capture of the 
Java), 127 (campaign of New Orleans). Source Book, 
Nos. 84 (capture of the Guerriere), 85 (capture of 
Washington), 86 (battle of New Orleans). Historical 
Sources in Schools, § 82. For further references and 
for criticisms of books on war of 1812, see Larned, Liter- 
ature of American History, pp. 167-172. 
Additional Topics : 

A. Group all the clauses of the Constitution which 
relate to war. 

B. The Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
Bryce (abridged edition), 104-107. Wilson, Congres- 
sional Government, 103-111. Follett, The Speaker. 

X. Reorganization, 1817-1829. 
24. Economic Reorganization. 

a. The tariff: effects of the events of 1 808-181 5 on com- 
merce, agriculture, and manufacturing; protectionist 
arguments ; attitude of the political leaders, Clay, Cal- 
houn, Webster, and Randolph; tariff acts of 18 16, 
1824, 1828. 

Brief Accounts: Hart, Formation, 225, 229-231, 247, 
257. Walker, Making, 257-261. Burgess, Middle 
Period, 109-115, 157-163. 

Longer Accounts : Taussig, Tariff History, 1-24, 68-103 
(best account). Schurz, Clay, I, 1 26-1 31 (act of 181 6), 
212-221 (act of 1824, "American System 11 ). Lodge, 
Webster, 1 54-1 71 (an interesting account of Webster's 
attitude towards the tariff, 1 816-1828). Von Hoist, 



342 American History 



Calhoun, 33-35, 66-73. Henry Adams, Randolph, 279. 
McMaster, IV, Ch. xxxi ; V, Ch. xlvi. Dewey, Financial 
History. 

Sources: Hart, Contemporaries, III, Nos. 129 (com- 
mercial effects of the war), 130 (Randolph's objections 
to a protective tariff). MacDonald, Documents, Nos. 44, 
45 (protests of South Carolina and Georgia against the 
tariff of 1828). American Orations, IV, 202 (Clay's 
speech on protection). 
b. Banking : evils of state banks ; the second United States 

Bank, 1816. 

Hart, Formation, 226-227. Walker, Making, 261-262. 

Longer: McMaster, III, IV, Chs. xxx, xxxvi. 

Sources: MacDonald, Documents, No. 33 (bank act 
of 1816). Hart, Contemporaries, III, No. 132 (state 
banking). 
25. Westward Migration and Internal Improvements. 

a. Westward migration : influence of conditions on the sea- 

board (McMaster, IV, 381-385) ; methods and routes 

of travel; conditions of western life, 1800-1830. 

McMaster, IV, Ch. xxxiii. Roosevelt, T. H. Benton, 
Ch. i. Roosevelt, Winning of the West, IV, Ch. v. 
Century Magazine, Vol. 63, Nov. 1901-Jan. 1902, articles 
by Hough. Shaler, United States, I, Ch. v, especially 
287-303. Higginson, Larger History, Ch. xvii. Sparks, 
Expansion of the American People. 

Sources: Contemporaries, III, Ch. xxi. Source Book, 
Nos. 90, 92, 93. Historical Sources in Schools, § 83. 

b. Internal improvements : need of better communication be- 

tween East and West (McMaster, School History, 279- 
282) ; political and economic results of the Erie Canal 
and the railroads ; the constitutional question involved. 
McMaster, IV, 411-429, V, 132-136. Von Hoist, Cal- 
houn, 35-37. Burgess, Middle Period, 1 16-122, 166-170. 
Sparks, Men Who made the Nation, Ch. vii. Schouler, 
II, 296-298 ; III, 346-352 ; IV, 122-131. Encyclopaedias 
(articles on " Railroads "). 



Outline of American History 343 

Sources: Contemporaries, III, Nos. 131 (Calhoun), 
165, 166, 167 (travel by rail, coach, and canal). Gilman, 
Monroe, 239-248 (summary of Monroe's vetoes). Cald- 
well, Survey, 233 (American History Studies, No. 10). 
Old South Leaflets, No. 108 (steamboat). 
c. The Indians in Georgia and the question of State Sover- 
eignty. 

Hart, Formation, 255-256. Wilson, Division and Re- 
union, 36-38. Burgess, Middle Period, Ch. x. Schouler, 
III, 370-380. 

For further references on Expansion, 1 783-1 828, see 
Larned, Literature of American History, pp. 172- 
181. 
26. Slavery and the Missouri Compromises. 

a. Slavery extension, 1 783-181 8: constitutional recognition 

of slavery ; fugitive slave act, 1793 ; economic and polit- 
ical effects of the cotton gin ; balancing of states ; ex- 
tent of slavery, 181 8 {map). 
Burgess, Middle Period, 48-60. Schouler, III, 134- 

146. Von Hoist, I, 302-356 (340-356, economic contrast 

between the free and slave states). 

b. The struggle for Missouri: significance of the contest; 

first compromise (Tallmadge, Thomas) ; second com 

promise (Clay) ; constitutional questions involved ; 

cite the sections of the Constitution of the United 

States relating to these questions. 

Rhodes, History of United States since Compromise of 
1850, I, 29-38. Burgess, Middle Period, Ch. iv (detailed 
and constitutional). Schurz, Clay, I, Ch. viii. McMas- 
ter, IV, 570-601. Von Hoist, 1,357-381. Schouler, III, 
I SS~ I 73' Henry Wilson, Rise and Fall of the Slave 
Power, I, Chs. xi, xii. 

Sources: MacDonald, Documents, Nos. 35-41. Con- 
temporaries, III, Nos. 135, 136 (comments on compro- 
mise), Source Book, No. 91 (J. Q. Adams's comments). 
American Orations, II. Historical Sources in Schools 
§83. 



344 American History 

Map i 

Status of slavery, 1821. Shade the portions of the 
country affected by the compromise. 
27. The Monroe Doctrine and the Panama Congress. 

a. Conditions leading to the Monroe doctrine. 

McMaster, V, 31-34. Paxson, Independence of the 
South American Republics. Contemporaries, III, Nos. 
142 (Holy Alliance), 145 (Russian ukase). (See Outline 
of European History, p. 198.) 

b. Earlier statements of the principles of the doctrine. 

American History Leaflets, No. 4. Contemporaries, 
III, No. 147 (extracts from Monroe's earlier messages). 
American Historical Review, July and October, 1902, 
contains a noteworthy article (" John Quincy Adams and 
the Monroe Doctrine," by Worthington C. Ford), on the 
correspondence leading up to the message of 1823; see 
especially the final paragraph. Gilman, Monroe, 162-170. 

c. Contemporary comment on the doctrine. 

For significant extracts from the message, see Mac- 
Donald, Documents, No. 43 ; Contemporaries, III, No. 
147 ; American History Leaflets, No. 4 ; Old South 
Leaflets, No. 56; Hill, Liberty Documents, 321. 

For comments, see McMaster, V, 48-53 (footnotes, 
containing English newspaper comments) ; Hill, Liberty 
Documents, 323-328 ; Hart, Contemporaries, III, No. 148. 

d. Later developments of the doctrine. Hart, " The Monroe 

Doctrine and the Doctrine of Permanent Interest, 11 in 
American Historical Review, October, 1901 ; reprinted 
in his Foundations of American Foreign Policy. 
General Referejices (for Monroe Doctrine) : 

Brief Accounts : Hart, Formation, 241-244. Burgess, 
Middle Period, 123-128. Morse, J. Q. Adams, 130-137. 
Longer Accounts : Gilman, Monroe, Ch. vii. Schouler, 
111,277-293. McMaster, V, Ch.xli. Hill, Liberty Docu- 
ments, 329-339. 

e. The Panama Congress. 

Hart, Formation, 251-253. Burgess, Middle Period, 



Outline of American History 345 

146-155. Schouler, III, 358-366. Von Hoist, I, 409- 
419, 429 and following. Schurz, Clay, I, 267-273. 
McMaster, V, Ch. li. 
Political Reorganization and the Triumph of Jack- 
son. 

a. Growth of nationalism as shown by Supreme Court 

decisions. 

Hart, Formation, 234-236. McMaster, V, Ch. 1. 
Magruder, John Marshall, Ch. x. Thayer, Marshall. 
Lodge, Webster, Ch. iii (Dartmouth College case). 

Sources: Contemporaries, No. 133 (extract from Mc- 
Culloch vs. Maryland). Hill, Liberty Documents, Ch. 
xix (McCulloch case with comments). Historical 
Sources in Schools, § 83. 

b. The "scrub race for the presidency," 1824-1825, 

Stanwood, Presidential Elections, Ch. xi, or his 
Presidency. Burgess, Middle Period, 131-136 (brief 
description of candidates). On the "corrupt bargain" 
charge, see Morse, J. Q. Adams, 181-189. Schurz, Clay, 
I, Ch. x. Sumner, Jackson, Ch. iv. 

c. New political methods, and the election of 1828. 

Hart, Formation, 246-247, 259-262. Fiske, Civil Gov- 
ernment, 216-217, 261-263 (gerrymander, spoils). 

Stanwood, History of the Presidency, or his Presi- 
dential Elections, Ch. xii. Schurz, Clay, I, 288-292. 
Wilson, Division and Reunion, 9-26 (significance of 
Jackson's election). Brown, Jackson, 106-117. 

Source: MacDonald, Documents, No. 42 (tenure of 
office act of 1820). 
d. Personal features of Jackson's administration : Jackson's 

character ; the Kitchen cabinet ; the spoils system in- 
troduced into national politics. 

Wilson, Division and Reunion, 26-34. Roosevelt, 
Benton, Ch. iv. Brown, Jackson, 1 18-128. Sumner, 
Jackson, 102-4, 140-163. Schouler, III, 451-461. Mc- 
Master, V, 525-536. 

Sources: Contemporaries, III, Nos. 158 (removals), 



346 American History 

160 (extract from Major Jack Downing), 162 (Jackson's 
statement of principles). Source Book, No. 102 (ex- 
tract from Major Jack Downing). 
Additio7ial Topics : 

A. Indian troubles, 1824-1828, 1830-1832. Hart, 
Formation, 255-256. Wilson, Division and Reunion, 
36-38. Burgess, Middle Period, 210-220. Schouler, III, 
370-380,477-480; IV, 233-235. Morse, J. Q. Adams. 
Sumner, Jackson. 

B. Jackson as a type of American frontier life in 1829. 
Brown, Jackson. 

C. Internal improvements. 

D. Public lands. 

For further references and for criticisms of books for 
periods VII-X, see Larned, Literature of American His- 
tory, pp. 1 52-1 81, and index. 
XI. National Democracy, 1829-1844. 
29. Nullification in South Carolina; the Question of 
State Sovereignty. 

a. The " great debate " : nullification in theory. 

Wilson, Division and Reunion, 43-48. Schouler, III, 
483-488. Lodge, Webster, 172-204 (includes estimate 
of Webster as an orator) . 

Sources: Important extracts in MacDonald, Docu- 
ments, Nos. 47, 49 (Webster), 48 (Hayne). Hart, Con- 
temporaries, III, Nos. 159 (Webster), 161 (Calhoun). 
American History Leaflets, No. 30 (extracts from Webster, 
Hayne, and Calhoun). Johnston, American Orations, I, 
303 (Calhoun), 233 (Hayne), 248 (Webster). 

b. The contest with South Carolina : nullification in practice. 

Wilson, 48-63. Burgess, 220-241. Schurz, Clay, II, 
Ch. xiv. Roosevelt, Benton, Ch. v. Von Hoist, Cal- 
houn, 66-84, 96-108. Sumner, Jackson, 194-206; Ch. 
x; 281-291. Schouler, IV, 85-109. 

Sources : MacDonald, Documents, Nos. 53 (ordinance 
of nullification), 55 (Jackson's proclamation), 56 (act for 
enforcing the tariff, force bill). 



Outline of American History 347 

c. Compare the action of South Carolina in 1 832-1 833 with 
that of (1) Virginia and Kentucky in 1798-1799; 
(2) Massachusetts in 1813-1815; (3) Georgia in 
1 825-1 827. See sections 20, a ; 23, c (Hartford Con- 
vention, etc.) ; and 25, c, or 28, Additional Topic A. 
30. Financial Questions, 1 830-1 842. 

a. Jackson's war on the bank : objection to the bank ; 

election of 1832; removal of deposits; censure and 

protest. 

Wilson, Division and Reunion, 69-88. Brown, Jack- 
son, 137-150. Burgess, Middle Period, Chs. ix, xii. 
Sumner, Jackson. Schurz, Clay, I, 372-382 ; II, Ch. 
xv. Roosevelt, Benton, Ch. vi. Schouler, IV (use table 
of contents). Dewey, Financial History. Von Hoist, 
II, Ch. i. Stanwood, History of the Presidency, or 
Presidential Elections. 

Sources: MacDonald, Documents (Jackson's annual 
messages, Jackson's protest, Benton's expunging resolu- 
tion). American History Leaflets, No. 24. American 
Orations, I (Benton's speech on the expunging reso- 
lution) . 

b. Financial depression, 1 837-1 840: "pet banks;" distri- 

bution of surplus revenue ; specie circular ; panic of 

1837; independent treasury, 1840 (1846). 

Wilson, Division and Reunion, 88-98. Schouler, IV. 
Shepard, Van Buren, Chs. viii-ix. Schurz, Clay, II, 
Ch. xix. Roosevelt, Benton, Chs. vii, ix. 

Sources : MacDonald, Documents, Nos. 67 (specie 
circular), 75 (independent treasury act of 1846). 
C. Whig financial measures ; Tyler's bank vetoes ; tariff of 

1842. 

Wilson, Division and Reunion, 133-140. Taussig, 
Tariff History, 112-114, 1 19-140. Schouler, IV, Ch. 
xvii, section I. Schurz, Clay, II, Ch. xxiii. 
Additional Topics : 

A. Nominating conventions. Bryce, Commonwealth, 
Chs. liii, liv. 



348 American History 



B. "Why great men are not chosen presidents. " 
Bryce, Ch. viii. 

C. Ash burton treaty, 1842. Lodge, Webster, Ch. 
viii. Schouler, IV, 396-402. 

31. Anti-slavery Agitation, 1831-1838. 

a. Actual conditions of slavery. 

Brief Accounts: Wilson, Division and Reunion, 125- 
132. Schouler, IV, 203-210. Rhodes, History of the 
United States since the Compromise of 1850, I, Ch. iv 
(excellent brief account of slavery about 1850). 

Sources: Contemporaries, III, Ch. xxvi ; IV, Ch. iv. 
Historical Sources in Schools, § 85, p. 250. 

b. Revival of the slavery question : a period of general 

moral and religious revival (Von Hoist, II, 84-85) ; 

new character of the agitation ; leaders (Lundy, Garri- 
son, Birney). 

Brief Accounts: Wilson, Division and Reunion, 117- 
123. Burgess, Middle Period, 242-249. Rhodes, I, 53. 
Schouler, IV, 210-216. 

Longer Accounts : Henry Wilson, Rise and Fall of the 
Slave Power, I, Ch. xiii. Lives of Garrison, especially 
that by W. P. and F. J. Garrison. 

Sources: Old South Leaflets, Nos. 73 (Liberator, I, 
1), 79 (Phillips's eulogy on Garrison). Contemporaries, 
III, No. 174 (Garrison's principles). Old South Leaflets, 
No. 80 (Theodore Parker on slavery). Contemporaries, 
III, No. 181 (Slade). Old South Leaflets, No. 81 (anti- 
slavery convention of 1833). Contemporaries, III, No. 
176 (anti-slavery meetings). MacDonald, Documents, 
No. 63 (Constitution of the American Anti-Slavery 
Society) . 
-% Northern opposition to the abolitionists : public meetings 

and protests 5 riots ; social ostracism. 

Schouler, IV, 216-218, 299. Rhodes, 1, 60. Von Hoist, 
II, Ch. ii. Wilson, Slave Power, I, Chs. xvii (Prudence 
Crandall), xx, xxi (northern mobs), xxvii (Lovejoy). 

Sources: Source Book, No. 96 (Garrison mob, 1835). 



Outline of American History 349 

American Orations, II (Phillips on the murder of Love- 
joy). 
d. Constitutional questions involved : right of petition ; free 
speech ; use of the mails. 

Rhodes, I, 67. Burgess, Middle Period, 252-277. 
Morse, J. O. Adams, 243-280. 

For further references, and for criticisms of books on 
slavery, see Larned, Literature of American History, 
pp. 181-204. 
XII. Slavery in the Territories, 1844-1860. 
32. Annexation of Texas and the Mexican War, 

a. Independence of Texas. 

Wilson, Division and Reunion, 141-143. Burgess, 
Middle Period, 290-300. Rhodes, I, 76. Schouler, IV, 
247-257, 302-307. Von Hoist, II. 

Source: Contemporaries, III, No. 185 (Houston's 
account of the Texan Revolution). 

b. Annexation of Texas : Tyler's attempt ; the election of 

1844; how annexation was accomplished. 

Rhodes, I, 77-85. Schouler, IV, 440-451, 457-461, 
465-486. Stanwood, History of Presidency, or his 
Presidential Elections. Schurz, Clay, II, 236-268. Von 
Hoist, Calhoun, Ch. viii. Garrison, Texas. 

Source: Contemporaries, III, Nos. 187 (Clay's Raleigh 
letter), 188 (Calhoun's letter to Lord Aberdeen), 189 
(Benton's story of how annexation was secured). 
;. War with Mexico: immediate origin; campaigns of Tay- 
lor, Scott, Fremont, and Kearny; Wilmot Proviso; 

treaty of peace. 

Brief Accounts : Wilson, Division and Reunion, 149- 
154. Rhodes, I, 87-93. 

Longer Account : Schouler, IV, V. 

Sources: Lowell, Biglow Papers (extract in Source 
Book, No. 104). Contemporaries, IV, Ch. ii, especially 
Nos. 10 (extract from Polk's message, alleging reasons 
for war), 11 (opposition to war, Corwin), 12, 13 (military 
events, Grant, Scott), 14 (why the whole of Mexico was 



350 American History 



not annexed, Polk), 16 (Wilmot's defence of his Proviso) 
Historical Sources in Schools, § 86. 

See also Larned, Literature of American History, Mex- 
ican War, pp. 204-206. 
33. Struggle over Slavery in the Territories. 

a. Compromise of 1850: slavery in the Mexican cession. 

(1) Settlement of California. Rhodes, I, 110-116. 
Schouler, V, 130-146. Source Book, No. 105. Con- 
temporaries, IV, No, 18. 

(2) Discussion of compromise measures. Calhoun : 
Contemporaries, IV, No. 19; American Orations, II. 
Clay : American Orations, II ; Source Book, No. 106. 
Webster: Contemporaries, IV, No. 20; American 
Orations, II. Seward: Contemporaries, IV, No. 22. 
Text of the compromise measures in MacDonald, 
Documents, Nos. 78-83. 

(3) Workings of the Fugitive Slave Law. Burgess, 
Middle Period, 365-375. Rhodes, I, 208-213, 222- 
226, 499-506; II, 73-77. Source Book, No. 107 
(Shadrach case). Hart, Chase, 1 63-171. Henry 
Wilson, Slave Power, II, Chs. xxvi, xxxiii. Contem- 
poraries, IV, Nos. 30 (Parker), 31 (Burns), 29, 32 
(underground railroad), 33 (a personal liberty act). 
Sumners speech in favor of the repeal of the law is 
in American Orations, II See also Rhodes, I, 265- 
269. 

General References : 

Brief Account: Wilson, Division and Reunion, 165- 
178. 

Longer Accounts : Rhodes, I, Ch. ii. Schouler, V, Chs. 
xix, xx. Schurz, Clay, II, Ch. xxvi. Lodge, Webster, 
289-332. Henry Wilson, Slave Power, II. 

Sources : See Historical Sources in Schools, § 86, for 
additional references. 

b. The Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Struggle for Kansas : 

Douglas's real object ; Topeka and Lecompton consti- 
tutions ; civil war in Kansas; English Bill. 



Outline of American History 351 

Brief Accounts : Wilson, Division and Reunion, 182- 
187, 199. Hart, Chase, 133-147. 

Longer Accounts : Rhodes, 1,424; II (excellent detailed 
account), especially Ch. vii (use table of contents), e.g. 
struggle for Kansas, Sumner's " Crime against Kansas, 11 
and the assault on Sumner. Burgess, Middle Period, 
Chs. xix (detailed account of the passage of act), xx 
(struggle for Kansas, civil war in Kansas). Schouler, 
V, Chs. xxi, xxii (use table of contents). Spring's Kan- 
sas (American Commonwealth Series). Storey, Sumner, 
Ch. vii, especially 109-117 (Sumner's defiance of South- 
ern "fire eaters"), Ch. viii, Brooks's assault on Sumner 
(138-153). Lothrop, Seward, Chs* ix, x, 172 and follow- 
ing. Henry Wilson, Slave Power, II, Ch. xxxv (civil 
war in Kansas), xxxvi (assault on Sumner) ; see table 
of contents for additional chapters on Kansas Struggle. 
On the rise of the Republican party, see Rhodes, II ; 
Contemporaries, IV, No. 35. 

Sources : MacDonald, Documents, Nos. 85-88 (dealing 
with the Kansas-Nebraska act), No. 90 (extract from 
the report of the House committee to investigate affairs 
in Kansas), No. 92 (Lecompton constitution). Contem- 
poraries, IV, Ch. vi, Nos. 36 (free-soil emigration), 38 
(pro-slavery emigration), 39 (civil war in Kansas). 
Source Book, Nos. 108 (Benton's criticism of the act), 
109 (conditions in Kansas). For the Appeal of the 
Independent Democrats, see American History Leaflets, 
No. 17. Sumner's speech on the "Crime against Kan- 
sas " is in Old South Leaflets, No. 83, and in American 
Orations, III, 88. 

Dred Scott Decision, 1857 : slavery throughout the terri- 
tories . 

Brief Accounts: Burgess, Middle Period, 449-459. 
Schouler, V, 376-381. 

Longer Accounts : Rhodes, II, 249-271 (good for innei 
history of the case, and for contemporary comment) 
Henry Wilson, Slave Power, II, Ch. xxxix. 



j 5 2 American History 



Sources: Hill, Liberty Documents, Ch. xxi. Mac- 
Donald, Documents, No. 91. American History Leaflets, 
No. 23. Contemporaries, IV, Nos. 42, 43. Source Book, 
No. no. 

d. Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858: the issues defined. 

Brief Accounts : Burgess, Civil War and the Constitu- 
tion, I, 19-26. Schouler, V, 410-416. 

Longer Accounts : Morse, Lincoln (for the debate, see 
I, Ch. v). Rhodes, II, 308-343. Henry Wilson, Slave 
Power, II, Ch. xliii. Brown, Douglas. Tarbell, Lincoln. 

Sources : American Orations, III, 154-194. Old South 
Leaflets, No. 85. Contemporaries, IV, Nos. 44 (Lincoln's 
"House Divided 1 ' speech), 45 (Seward's "Irrepressible 
Conflict" speech). Source Book, No. in (Douglas). 

e, John Brown's Raid, 1859. 

Brief Accounts : Burgess, Civil War, I, 35-44. Schou- 
ler, V, 437-448. 

Longer Account: Rhodes, II, 383-416. 

Sources : Old South Leaflets, No. 84. Source Book, 
No. 112. Contemporaries, IV, Nos. 47, 48. 
/. The Election of i860: split in the Democratic party; 

the Republican convention ; the campaign. 

Brief Account: Wilson, Division and Reunion, 204- 
210. 

Longer Accounts: Rhodes, II, 440-502. Stanwood, 
Presidency, or Presidential Elections, Ch. xxi. Schouler, 
. V, 454-469. Morse, Lincoln, I, Ch. vi. Lothrop, Sew- 
ard, Ch. xi. Hart, Chase, Ch. vii. Burgess, Civil 
War, I, Ch. iii. 

Source : Contemporaries, IV, Ch. viii. 
Map Work: 

(1) Show, by a series of maps, the status of slavery in 
1851, 1855, i860 (Epoch maps). 

(2) Show, by a series of charts, the sectionalization of 
political parties in the elections of 1852, 1856, i860. 

Additional Topics : 

A. Webster's services to the idea of national union. 






Outline of American History 353 

B. Clay's character and services. 

C. Uncle Tom's Cabin. Rhodes, I, 278-285. Old 
South Leaflets, No. 82 (Mrs. Stowe's story of Uncle 
Tom's Cabin). Read the book itself. 

D. Cuba and the Ostend Manifesto. Rhodes, II, 
Ch. vi. MacDonald, Documents, No. 89. American 
History Leaflets, No. 2. 

E. The Isthmian Canal Question. Rhodes, II 
MacDonald, Documents, No. 77. American History 
Leaflets, No. 34. Contemporaries, IV, No. 195 (Nicara- 
gua canal) . 

F. The Know-Nothing Party. 

G. The panic of 1857. 

XIII. Secession and Civil 'War, 1860-1865. 
34. Secession of the Southern States. 

a. Underlying causes ; process of secession ; constitution of 

the Southern Confederacy. 

Wilson, Division and Reunion, 210, 239-244. Rhodes, 

III, Chs. xiii, xiv. Burgess, Civil War and the Consti- 
tution, I, Ch. iv. Schouler, V, 474-480, 488-493. 

Sources: American Orations, III, Ch. vi (secession 
speeches) ; IV, 39 (Stephens's " corner-stone " speech ; 
extract also in Source Book, No. 113). Contemporaries, 

IV, Chs, ix, x. MacDonald, Documents, Nos. 94 (South 
Carolina Secession Ordinance), 97 (Constitution of the 
Confederate States). American History Leaflets, No. 12. 

b. Attempts at compromise. 

Rhodes, III, Ch. xiii, xiv. 

Sources: Contemporaries, IV, Ch. xi. MacDonald, 
Documents, Nos. 93 (Crittenden compromise), 95, 96 
(proposed constitutional amendments). 
€. Abraham Lincoln and his policy. 

Wilson, Division and Reunion, 216-218. Morse, 
Lincoln, I, 219-241, 273-282. Rhodes, III, 316-320, 
325-346. Nicolay and Hay, Lincoln. Tarbell, Lincoln. 

Sources: Old South Leaflets, No. 11, or American 
Orations, IV, 16 (Lincoln's first inaugural address). 



354 American History 



American History Leaflets, No. 18 (inaugural and first 
message). Historical Sources in Schools, § 87. 
Map Work : 

The seceding states. Indicate, also, the loyal, but 
slave-holding, states. 
Additional Topic: 

Summary of State Sovereignty ideas, 1 783-1 861. 
35. The Civil War, 1 861-1865. 

a. Fort Sumter, and the uprising of the North. 

Rhodes, III, 325-374. Burgess, Civil War, I, Ch. vii. 
Sources: Hart, Contemporaries, IV, Ch. xii. Source 
Book, Nos. 114 (Sumter), 115 (rousing of the North). 

b. The sections in 1861 compared: population; economic 

resources ; military spirit. 

Rhodes, III, 397-413- Atlantic Monthly, December, 
1901, article on the "Resources of the Confederacy. 11 
Hart, "Why the South Lost, 11 New England Magazine, 
November, 1891 ; reprinted in his Practical Essays on 
American Government. Cambridge Modern History, 
VII, Chs. xiv, xviii-xix. Schwab, Confederate States 
of America, 1 861 -1865. 
C. General plan of campaign and chief military events : 

1861. Bull Run, and the organization of the eastern 

army by McClellan. 

1862. East: Peninsular campaign ; Antietam ; Fred- 

ericksburg. 
West : Opening of the Mississippi —Forts Henry 

and Donelson, Shiloh, New Orleans. 
Eastern Tennessee : to isolate the Gulf states. 

1863. East: Chancellorsville ; Gettysburg. 
West : Vicksburg. 

Eastern Tennessee : Chickamauga ; Chattanooga 

1864. East : Grants move on Richmond. 

Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley. 
West: Sherman's march from Chattanooga to 
Atlanta; "from Atlanta to the Sea': 11 
Thomas's campaign and its importance 



Outline of American History 355 

1865. Closing in on Lee; Appomattox. 
1861-1865. The work of the navy. 

Brief Accounts : Dodge, A Bird's-eye View of the Civil 
War (brief accounts of the military events by an expert). 
General Wm. T. Sherman, "The Grand Strategy of the 
War of the Rebellion, 11 Century Magazine, Vol. 35, 580- 
598 (1887-8), gives in comparatively brief space the gen- 
eral plan of the war with the clearness of a master. 

Longer Accounts : Rhodes, III, IV, V. Schouler, VI. 
Fiske, Mississippi Valley in the Civil War. Ropes, 
Story of the Civil War (to 1863). Maclay, United 
States Navy. Nicolay and Hay, Life of Lincoln. C. F. 
Adams, Lee at Appomatox. Cambridge Modern History, 
VII, Chs. xiv-xvii. 

Sources: Hart, Contemporaries, IV, Chs. xviii, xix, xx, 
xxii. Source Book, Ch. xviii. Century War Book 
(Johnson and Buell, editors}, Battles and Leaders of the 
Civil War, 4 vols. Scribner's Series, Campaigns of the 
Civil War, 13 vols. Grant, Memoirs. Sherman, Memoirs. 
For further references, see Larned, Literature, pp. 213- 
260. 

Financial management of the war: tariff; internal taxa- 
tion; paper-money; national banking system. 
Schouler, VI, 282-287. Rhodes, III, IV (use table 
of contents). Dewey, Financial History. Hart, Chase, 
Chs. ix, xi. Taussig, Tariff History, 155-169. Condi- 
tions in the South, Cambridge Modern History, VII, Ch. 
xix; Schwab, Confederate States of America, 1861-1865. 

Source : MacDonald, Select Statutes. 
Attitude of Europe towards the war. Rhodes, III, Chs. 
xv, xvi (use table of contents) ; IV, Chs. xvii, xxii 
(excellent). Adams, C. F. Adams, Chs. ix-xvii, espe- 
cially Chs. xii (Trent affair), xiv (cotton famine), xvi 
(effect of the emancipation proclamation), xvii (the 
Alabama). Schouler, VI, 111-116, 261-274. Morse, 
Lincoln, I, Ch. xii (Trent affair). Burgess, Civil 
War, II, Ch. xxxiii (French in Mexico). 



356 American History- 

sources : Contemporaries, IV, Nos. 98 (John Bright), 
99 (Trent affair), 100 (attitude of Napoleon III). 

f. Conditions incidental to war ; enlistments ; bounties ; 

prison life ; camps ; railroad and telegraph .; sanitary 

and Christian commissions; the work of the pupil's 

own town or city. 

Schouler, VI, 290-316, 400-424. Facts maybe picked 
out of mos f of the detailed histories of the war (see 
above, c). For conditions in southern states, see Cam- 
bridge Modern History, VII, Ch. xix ; Schwab, Con- 
federate States of America, 1861-1865. 

Sources : Contemporaries, I V, Ft. V. Source Book, Nos. 
117 (southern soldier), 118 (supplies for the wounded). 

g. Northern opposition to the war. Morse, Lincoln, II, 
182-199. Rhodes, IV, 221-236, 245-255, 320-332. 

Sources: Contemporaries, IV, No. 121 (draft riots). 
American Orations, IV, 82 (VallandighanVs speech). 
k. Emancipation. 

Schouler, VI, 214-224. Rhodes, III, 630; IV, 67-76, 
157-163, 212-219. Morse, Lincoln, II, Chs. i, iv, xii. 

Sources : Contemporaries, IV, Ch. xxi. American 
History Leaflets, No. 26 (Lincoln's reply to Greeley). 
Source Book, Nos. 120 (Lincoln's account of the history 
of the proclamation), 124 (Lincoln on the relation of 
slavery to the war). MacDonald, Select Statutes. Old 
South Leaflets, No. 11 (emancipation proclamation). 
Constitution, Amendment XIII. 
Additional Topics : 

A. Grant's military ability. 

B. Lee as a General. C. F. Adams, Lee at Appo- 
matox and Other Papers. See also above under c. 

XIV. Problems of Peace, 1865-1904. 
36. Reconstruction, the New South, and the Race 
Problems. 
a. Principles of reconstruction : policy of Lincoln and of 
Johnson ; congressional policy ; the Reconstruction Act 
of 1867 ; constitutional amendments. 



Outline of American History 357 

Brief Accounts : Wilson, Division and Reunion, 256- 
263. Bryce, Commonwealth, II, 468-480. 

Longer Accounts : Burgess, Reconstruction and the 
Constitution. Dunning, Essays on the Civil War and 
Reconstruction, 2d Essay. Storey, Sumner, Chs. xviii, 
xix. McCall, Stevens, Chs. xiii-xvi. Hart, Chase, 
Chs. xiii, xiv. Blaine, Twenty Years of Congress, II. 
Atlantic Monthly, January-October, 1901, series of arti- 
cles on reconstruction. 

Sources: Contemporaries, IV, Ch. xxiv. MacDonald, 
Select Statutes. American Orations, IV, 129-188. Hill, 
Liberty Documents, Ch. xxiii. Source Book, No. 130. 
Process of reconstruction : conditions in the South at the 

close of the war ; southern opposition to the freedmen ; 

freedmen's bureau ; carpet-bag government ; struggle 

between Congress and President Johnson. 

Wilson, Division and Reunion, 260-277. Cambridge 
Modern History, VII, 622-633, 640-642. Brown, Lower 
South in American History, 191-225. Blaine, Twenty 
Years of Congress, II. Burgess, Reconstruction and the 
Constitution. Wilson, American People, V, Ch. i. 

Sources : Southern conditions as seen by Northern 
observers: Contemporaries, IV, Nos. 141 (Mrs. Botune), 
142 (Godkin), 143 (Carl Schurz), 144 (General Grant). 
Contemporaries, Nos. 151 (Southern legislation against 
freedmen, 154 (impeachment proceedings), 156 (Ku Klux 
Klan), 157 (carpet-bag government). MacDonald 
Select Statutes. Soiirce Book, Nos. 127, 128, 131, 
132. 
The new South and the race problem : economic devel - 

opment ; social and industrial progress of the negro 

revision of constitutions of Southern states. 

Brown, Lower South, 247-271 (shifting the white man's 
burden). Andrews, The Last Quarter Century (1870- 
1895), II, 150-156, Ch. xii (disfranchisement, economic 
conditions). Dunning, in Atlantic Monthly, October, 
1901. Outlook, December 31, 1898 (race problem). 



358 American History 



McClure's, March-May, 1904. T. N. Page, in Scribner's, 
July, 1904. A. H. Grimke, in Atlantic Monthly, July, 
1904. Bryce, Commonwealth, II, 483-490, Ch. xciii. 

Sources: Contemporaries, IV, Nos. 203 (southern 
election frauds), 205 (H. W. Grady), 208 (Booker 
Washington) . 
yj. Political Problems since 1865. 

a. Party contests: Liberal Republicans, 1872; Hayes- 

Tilden contest, 1 876-1 877 ; Democratic triumph, 1884 ; 

split in Democratic party, 1896; party issues. 

Wilson, Division and Reunion, 281-290, 296. Blaine, 
Twenty Years of Congress, II. Stanwood, Presidency 
or Presidential Elections. Andrews, Last Quarter Cen- 
tury. Wilson, American People, V, 104-112; 169-184; 
253-263. McClure's Magazine, July, 1904. 

Sources: Contemporaries, IV, Nos. 159 (1876-1877); 
160 (1880); 161 (1884). MacDonald, Select Statutes. 
£>. Civil service reform. 

Brief Accounts: Wilson, Division and Reunion, 277, 
293-294. Hinsdale, American Government, 273-279. 
Wilson, Congressional Government (index, Civil Service). 

Longer Accounts : Bryce, Commonwealth, II, Ch. lxv 
(spoils). See interesting chapters on Rings and Bosses, 
and on the Machine ; also, Chs. Ixxxviii, lxxxix. 

Sources : American Orations, IV, 367 (G. W. Curtis) ; 
400 (Carl Schurz). Hart, Source Book, No. 137 (Curtis 
on civil sendee reform). Contemporaries, IV, Nos. 199 
(Carl Schurz), 202 (Bird S. Coler). MacDonald, Select 
Statutes. Reports of the Civil Service Commission. 
:', Foreign Relations, 1865-1904: Purchase of Alaska; 

treaty of 1871 with Great Britain, and the Geneva 

award ; Venezuelan affair, 1895 ; annexation of Hawaii ; 

war with Spain ; the Philippine problem ; indepen- 
dence of Cuba ; American policy in China ; Isthmian 

canal. 

Cambridge Modern History, VII, 670-672, 674-686. 
Woolsey, America's Foreign Policy. Foster, American 



Outline of American History 359 

Diplomacy in the Orient, Chs. xi, xii. Wilson, American 
People, V, 269-300. Larned, History for Ready Refer- 
ence, VI. 

Sources: Hart, Contemporaries, IV, Nos. 174, 175, 
178, 179, 192-194, Chs. xxx, xxxi. MacDonald, Select 
Statutes, Nos. 63, 93, 126, 1 28-131. 
d. Problems of municipal government. 

Goodnow, Municipal Problems. Reports of the Na- 
tional Municipal League (Philadelphia). Hart, Contem- 
poraries, IV, No. 206. Steffens, The Shame of the 
Cities. Steffens, Enemies of the Republic, in McClure's, 
April- August, 1904. 
38 Economic Problems since 1865. 

a. The tariff : attempts to reduce the war tariff; Cleveland's 

tariff message, 1887; the McKinley Act, 1890; the 

Wilson Act, 1894; the Dingley Act, 1897; movement 

for reciprocity and tariff reform. 

Taussig, Tariff History. Dewey, Financial History. 
Wilson, American People, V, 187-194. American Ora- 
tions, IV, 238 (Hurd's speech in favor of free trade; 
compare Clay's speech, same volume). 

b. Currency : resumption of specie payments ; the silver- 

coinage struggle. 

Taussig, Silver Situation in the United States, Pt. I. 
Hart, Chase, Ch. xv. Dewey, Financial History. Ameri- 
can Orations, IV, § 9. Hart, Source Book, No. 136. 
Wilson, American People, V, 142-148, 206-208, 214-227. 
MacDonald, Select Statutes. 
'. Combinations of labor and of capital: labor unions; 

trusts ; strikes and lock-outs ; growth of railroads ; 

regulation of interstate commerce; the Northern 

Securities case. 

Larned, Ready Reference, VI, 529-535. Tarbell, 
History of the Standard Oil Trust, McClure's Magazine, 
1903-1904. Baker, articles in McClure's, 1904. Mon- 
tague, Rise and Progress of the Standard Oil Co. Hart, 
Contemporaries, IV, Nos. 162, 163, 165, 201. Bryce, 



360 American History 



Commonwealth, II, Ch. ciii. Eliot-Foster debate, Boston 
Herald, February 8 and 22, 1904. C. W. Eliot, in Bos- 
ton Herald, May 3, 1904. For further references on the 
period since 1865, see Larned, Literature of American 
History, pp. 260-273, and supplement. 
39. Summary and Review of American History. 

a. The chief factors in the progress from colonies to 
nation, from 1607 a.d. to the present. Review this 
Outline and its references. 

b. The United States at the present day : population ; 
resources ; conditions, social, political, economic. Census 
Report. Statesman's Year Book. Current publications. 

c. " Some Reasons why the American Republic may 
Endure." Eliot, American Contributions to Civilization 
(extracts in Hart, Contemporaries, IV, No. 207). 



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N. MANCHESTER, 
INDIANA 46962 










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